Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nurs212 > N212 Lecture 13 > Flashcards

N212 Lecture 13 Flashcards

1
Q

fluid, electrolyte and acid base balances in the body maintain the health and function of all body systems, true or false

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

extracellular fluid (ECF) is outside of the cell and is 1/3 of total body water

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

intracellular fluid (ICF) is inside cells and is 2/3 of total body water

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ECF has 2 major divisions, intravascular (liquid part of blood plasma) and interstitial fluid ( between cells and outside the blood vessels) and minor division transcellular fluids (cerebrospinal, pleural, peritoneal and synovial fluids)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

osmolality of fluid is a measure of the number of particles per kg of water

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Na does not pass easily through the cell membrane

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

isotonic fluid is a fluid with the same tonicity

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

hypotonic solution is more dilute than blood

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hypertonic solution is more concentrated than normal blood

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

fluid homeostasis is the dynamic interplay of 3 processes: fluid intake and absorption, fluid distribution and fluid output

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

normal daily fluid output is hypotonic salt ( urine, salt)solution, people must have equivalent fluid intake of hypotonic sodium containing fluid( water plus food with some salt)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

average fluid intake for adult is 2300mL

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Thirst is a regulator of fluid intake when plasma osmolality increases

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

thirst control mechanism located within the hypothalamus

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

fluid output occurs in 4 organs, skin lungs, GI tract and kidneys

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

hormonal influences for fluid balance are antidiuretic hormone, renin angiotensin aldosterone mechanism and atrial natriurectic peptides

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Na lab value

A

135-145

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

potassium

A

3.5-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bun

A

5-20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

creatinine

A

0.6-1.2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

glucose

A

70-100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

chloride

A

95-105

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

magnesium

A

1.5-2.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

phosphorus

A

2.5-4.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

calcium

A

9-11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

hgb

A

13-18m, 12-16f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

hct

A

39-54m, 36-48f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

wbc

A

4000-11000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

hypernatremia -> water deficit->hypertonic

A

excess Na = deficit of water

30
Q

hyponatremia->water excess-> hypotonic

A

not a lot of Na =excess of water

31
Q

when there is ECV deficit and hypernatremia combined is called

A

clinical dehydration

32
Q

ABG values of normal pH

A

7.3(acid) -7.45

33
Q

Normal ABG values of carbon dioxide/PaCO2

A

35-45(acid)

34
Q

normal ABG values of bicarbonate/HCO3

A

22(acid) -26

35
Q

respiratory acidosis = Low pH acid, high paco2

A

cause of hypoventilation , cns depression

36
Q

Respiratory alkalosis = high pH, low Paco2

A

cause of hyperventilation or fever

37
Q

metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis caused by levels of HCO3( bicarbonate ion)

A
38
Q

metabolic acidosis -> pH is acid and Hco3 is acid

A
39
Q

metabolic alkalosis -> ph is base and hco3 is base

A

inadequate excretion of acids due to renal disease, loss of K from diuretic therapy

40
Q

low pH= acidosis
high pH=alkalosis

A
41
Q

co2 out of normal range (35-35) = respiratory issue

A
42
Q

HCO3 out of normal range ( 22-26) -> metabolic issue

A
43
Q

ABG lab results are for monitoring acid base balance

A
44
Q

respiratory acidosis - the lungs are unable to excrete enough co2 ( COPD, respiratory failure, drug OD)

A
45
Q

respiratory alkalosis is the lungs excrete too much carbonic acid( hypoxemia, acute pain, anxiety sobbing)

A
46
Q

metabolic acidosis an increase in metabolic acid or a decrease of base( ketoacidosis, circulatory shock, end stage renal cance)

A
47
Q

metabolic alkalosis is a direct increase of base or a decrease of metabolic acid( too much sodium bicarbonate, excessive vomiting, hypokalemia)

A
48
Q

the lungs are unable to excrete enough CO2 is caused by

A

respiratory acidosis ( COPD, respiratory failure and drug overdose)

49
Q

the lungs excrete too much carbonic acid is caused by

A

respirator alkalosis( hypoxemia, acute pain, anxiety sobbing)

50
Q

occurs from an increase of metabolic acid or a decrease of base is caused by(ketoacidosis, circulatory shock, end stage renal disease)

A

metabolic acidosis

51
Q

occurs from a direct increase of base (HCO3) or a decrease of metabolic acid is caused by ( too much sodium bicarbonate, excessive vomiting, hypokalemia)

A

metabolic alkalosis

52
Q

on 2nd -5th postoperative days increased secretion of aldosterone, glucocorticoids and ADH causes increased ECV, decreased osmolality and increased potassium excretion.

A
53
Q

increased output of fluid through the GI tract is a common and important cause of fluid, electrolyte and acid base imbalances

A
54
Q

acute conditions place patients at high risk for fluid, electrolyte and acid base alterations which include respiratory diseases, burns, trauma, GI alterations and acute oliguric renal disease

A
55
Q

acute respiratory disorders predispose patients to respiratory acidosis

A

examples bacterial pneumonia

56
Q

crush injuries destroy cellular structure causing hyperkalemia by massive release of intracellular K into blood

A
57
Q

head injury alters ADH secretion and can cause diabetes insipidus which is when patients excrete large volumes of very dilute urine and develop hypernatremia.

A
58
Q

head injury may cause the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone ( SIADH) which is excess secretion of ADH causes hyponatremia by retaining too much water and concentrating the urine

A
59
Q

many patient with cancer develop hypercalcemia

A
60
Q

chronic heart failure patients are at risk for hypokalemia, most diuretics increase the risk of hypokalemia while reducing the ECV excess.

A
61
Q

oliguria occurs when the kidneys have a reduced capacity to make urine

A
62
Q

acute nephritis causes oliguria

A
63
Q

chronic kidney disease lead to chronic oliguria

A
64
Q

oliguric renal disease results in hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia, hyperphosphatemia and metabolic acidosis

A
65
Q

metabolic acidosis -> base bicarbonate deficit

A

metabolic alkalosis-> base bicarbonate excess

66
Q

respiratory acidosis-> carbonic acid excess

A

respiratory alkalosis-> carbonic acid deficit

67
Q

ABG analysis reveals acid base status and the adequacy of ventilation and oxygenation

A
68
Q

RN and healthcare provider draws arterial blood from the peripheral artery (radial) or from an existing arterial line

A
69
Q

before arterial blood draw, perform an Allen test which assesses arterial circulation in the hand

A
70
Q
A

Nurs212 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions