N212 Lect 12 Flashcards
the energy needed at rest to maintain life sustaining activities for a specific amount of time is called
Basal metabolic Rate ( BMR)
the amount of energy needed to consume over 24 hour period for the body to maintain internal working activities while at rest is called
Resting energy expenditure (REE)
the energy necessary for the normal function of numerous body processes is called
Nutrients
complex and simple saccharides main source of energy is
Carbohydrates
amino acids, necessary for nitrogen balance
proteins
saturated, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated, calorie dense
Fats
whats the main source of energy in a diet which is composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
carbohydrates
glucose and fructose are classified as
monosaccharides
sucrose, lactose and maltose are
disaccharides
monosaccharides and disaccharides are considered
simple carbohydrates: found primarily in sugars
starches are polysaccharides, true or false
true
polysaccharides are able to be digested, true or false
false, unable to digest because we do not have enzymes capable to do that
fiber is considered a
polysaccharide
what is essential for growth, maintenance, repair of body tissue, blood clotting, fluid regulation, acid base balance?
proteins
protein maintains nitrogen balance, transports nutrients and many drugs in the blood, true or false
true
whats the simplest form of protein
amino acid
the body doesnt synthesize indispensable amino acids but does synthesize dispensable amino acids, true or false
true
when intake of nitrogen is greater than output, body is in positive nitrogen balance, true or false
true
positive nitrogen balance is required for growth, normal pregnancy, maintenance of lean muscle mass, wound healing, true or false
true
negative nitrogen balance occurs when the body loses more nitrogen than it gains (e.g. infection, burns, fever, starvation, head injury, and trauma), true or false
true
what is composed of triglycerides and fatty acids
fats(lipids)
what circulates in the blood and are composed of 3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol
triglycerides
fatty acids can be saturated in which carbon in the chain has 2 attached h atoms, true or false
true
unsaturated is when there is an unequal number of h atoms attached to the carbon atom attached to each other with a double bond, true or false
true
monounsaturated fatty acids have double bond, true or fals
true
polyunsaturated fatty acids have 2 or more double carbon bonds, true or false
true
animal fats have saturated fatty acids, vegetables fats have unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, true or false
true
an organic substance presents in small amounts in foods that are essential to normal metabolism
vitamins
fat soluble vitamins are A, D, E, K and stored in the fatty compartments of the body, true or false
true
hypervitaminosis is fat soluble vitamins results from megadoses of supplemental vitamins, excessive amounts in fortified food and large intake of fish oils, true or false
true
water soluble vitamins are Vitamin C and B complex, true or false
true ( they are easily absorbed form the GI tract)
inorganic elements essential to the body as catalysts in biochemical reactions
minerals
macrominerals are calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, Na, K, and chlloride, true or false
true
microminerals or trace elements are iron, copper, ioding, zinc, flouride, true or false
true
macrominerals help balance pH in body, acid base balance, true or false
true
nerve stimulation rom the parasympathetic system increases the GI tract, true or false
true
all biochemical reactions within the cells of the body is called
metabolism
building of more complex biochemical substances by synthesis of nutrients is called
anabolism
breakdown of biochemical substances into simpler substances occurs during physiological states of negative nitrogen balance is called
catabolism
what is physiologically possible when the body is in positive nitrogen balance
metabolism and anabolism
the four components to dietary reference intakes (DRI’s) are
Estimated average requirement (EAR), recommended dietary allowance (RDA), adequate intake (AI), and tolerable upper intake level (UL)
ovolactovegeterian avoids meat, fish and poultry but eats eggs and milk, true or false
true
lactovegetarian drinks milk but avoids eggs, true or false
true
fruitarian consumes fruit, nuts, honey and olive oil, true or false
true
zen macrobiotic consists of brown rice, other grains, and herb teas, true or false
true
The subjective global assessment (SGA) uses the patient history, weight, and physical assessment to evaluate nutritional status, true or false
true
the mini nutritional assessment (MNA) screens older adults in home care program, nursing homes, and hospitals, true or false
true
what is the measurement system of the size and makeup of the body
anthropometry
BMI measures weight corrected for height and serves as an alternative to traditional height to weight relationship, true or false
true
patient needs to be weighed at the same time each day, on the same scale and with same clothes, true or false
true
1 pint or 500ml o fluid = 1lb, true or false
true
to calculate BMI divide the kg by height meters squared, true or false
true
nitrogen balance calculated by dividing 6.25 into total grams of protein ingested in a day (24 hrs), true or false
true
factors that affect serum albumin levels include: hydrations, hemorrhage, renal or hepatic disease, large amounts of drainage from wounds, burns or the GI tract, true or false
true
difficulty swallowing is called
dysphagia
enteral tube feeding consists of nasogastric, jejunal and gastric tubes, true or false
true
if patient is at risk for gastric reflux, jejunal feeding is preferred, true or false
true
nasogastric or nasojejunal feeding tubes used for less than 4 weeks, true or false
true
a specific nutritional therapy usage for treating illness, injury or a certain condition is called
medical nutrition therapy ( MNT)
