N of G- Ideology, central, local, rep+enf Flashcards
What was the Tsars’ initial system of government?
the tsar council of ministers imperial council of state the senate the committee of ministers
What adaptations were brought in to the system of government after 1905?
the tsar council of ministers the state council the duma the senate no more the committee of ministers or imp council og state
What were some limitations of the Duma?
Elections to the Duma were through electoral colleges- unequal. The Tsar dissolved the first two Dumas within months as they did not support his ministers well. There were two more subservient Dumas
What was the democratic looking system used by the Communists?
the sovnarkom
central executive committee (politburo,ogburo,orgburo)
all russian congress of soviets (elections in towns)
What did Stalin reimpose that Lenin had previously removed?
Superstructure, whereby his state would plan the road to socialism, Lenin had removed the old Tsarist superstructure
What was the reality of the democratic looking Communist system?
The party told Sovnarkom what to do. The Politburo dominated the Central Committee and orders were passed down and managed by leading cadres and approved nomenklatura
What was the role of the ogburo, orgburo and politburo?
Ogburo- maintaining order and dealing w opposition
Orgburo- organised party affairs
politburo- elite bolsheviks responsible for policy
What happened between the first and second duma?
New approach to dealing with dissidents adopted- key kadet and labourist party members who had signed the vyborg manifesto were arrested
What was the vyborg manifesto?
Dissolved the first duma
Who were the kadets?
Organisation unwaveringly committed to full citizenship for all of Russia’s minorities- and supported Jewish emancipation
Who were the labourists?
Supporters of workers’ rights
1936 Stalin’s constitution development in central admin
Included new ‘representative bodies’
• Supreme Soviet of the USSR (main lawmaking body)
• Soviet of the Union (contained representatives from the whole of the USSR)
• Soviet of Nationalities (represented particular regional groups)
BUT!! Article 126 of Stalin’s Constitution ensured that the Supreme Soviet was really the Communist Party’s
puppet
1905 october manifesto development in central admin
October Manifesto led to the abolishment of the Committee of Ministers, promising greater
representation duties divided between
• State Council (kept a check on the activity of the Duma)
• Duma (elected assembly of people representing a range of social groups)
• BUT!! Fundamental Laws ensured that this apparent move towards democracy was actually just supreme
autocracy in disguise (article 87)
Third element (local gov)
enlightened duma/zemstva members (lawyers, doctors teachers) who thought central gov should be remodelled on the lines of the zemstva and duma
Explain the soviets (local gov)
Emerged after the october manifesto- concerned with coordinating strikes and protecting factory workers. Petrograd soviet order no.1 placed ultimate authority over soldiers in the hands of the soviet.
