Myths 1 Flashcards
Some facts about non-communicable diseases.
- Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) affect everyone, with 41 million people dying every year due to an NCD. This accounts for 74% of all deaths worldwide.
- Deaths from NCDs are projected to escalate to 52 million by 2030.
- Most NCDs are preventable.
What is poor health largely driven by?
TOBACCO USE, ALCOHOL USE, UNHEALTHY DIET, PHYSICAL INACTIVITY, AIR POLLUTION.
What is the second leading cause of death world wide?
Bacterial infections.
Causes of antibiotic resistance.
Over-prescribing, not finishing treatment, over-use in live stock, poor infection control, lack of hygiene, lack of new antibiotics being developed.
What does the information motivation and skills model for healthy behaviour show?
Motivation and skills also important to change behaviour, not just providing information.
Why is merely providing information not enough to change behaviour?
Making individuals aware of risks and providing tips on behaviour change to reduce risk places the responsibility on people for their health and illness.
What does protection motivation theory state about healthy behaviour?
That high threat only changes behaviour if see as personally vulnerable and response costs low + self-efficacy/skills high.
Important influences on behaviour not covered by theories that focus on individual beliefs/attitudes
- Environment (physical and social) - obesity and happiness levels correlated with those of family and friends. (possibly due to shared behaviour, shared culture/norms and shared environment). Most unhealthy behaviour happens late in the day, possibly due to opportunity and burnout.
- Automatic influences on behaviour - emotions, physiological states, habit.
An example of a successful way to change behaviour.
Person based approach - Aim to understand the perspectives of the people who will use the intervention and address their needs to improve acceptability and suitability, and lead to better uptake and engagement.
Used in ‘germ defence’ using key theory and evidence-based behaviour change techniques. Reduced respiratory infections.
Benefits of co-production
Empowers the people using it, opportunities for constructive dialogue, builds trust, intervention more likely to be taken up.
Evidence against people only using 10% of their brain myth.
- Brain is 2-3% of body weight
- Doesn’t make evolutionary sense to have the brain and not be using it
- Consumes over 20% energy
- Electrical currents in alert patients, when stimulating specific regions of the brain, there is no area with no experience in response to the electric currents.
- Single-unit recordings, no evidence that 90% of neurones have no activity.
Origins of left and right brained people.
Split brain patients, teachers endorsed statement.
Evidence against left and right brained people.
most people would be left brained if it were true.
- 90% right-handed
- Language is largely left lateralised
Evidence - Nielsen et al (2013)
⇒ Measured regions of interest in 1011 scans
⇒ Found some lateralisation in regions with different tasks
⇒ But the left and right brained notion was not supported
Implications of left and right brained people for educations.
- Misguided belief that some students are better suited for certain tasks than others
- A “whole-brained learning” approach has been adopted by some classes, aiming to equal the processing of the two hemispheres by including both analytical and creative techniques. BUT no science supporting the effectiveness of this approach.
Types of learning styles.
Visual, auditory, kinaesthetic.
