Mythology Exam June 8th Flashcards

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1
Q

Metamorphosis

A

change of form

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2
Q

Catasterism

A

the transformation of a character from Greek mythology into a star or a constellation

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3
Q

Lycaon/Licaron (5)

A
  • king obsessed with appeasing the gods makes human sacrifices of foreigners
  • Zeus, disguised as traveler, is invited to eat at the palace and is served a sacrificed boy
  • Zeus turns him into half-man and half-wolf as punishment for his sacrilege
  • this story is the birth of the modern werewolf

Metamorphosis: man to half man half wolf

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4
Q

Daphne/Dafne (5)

A
  • Cupid hit apollo with gold arrow (love) for the nymph Daphne and hit Daphne with silver arrow (hate) for Apollo
  • He tried to chase her down, but she ran into the waters of her father’s river
  • She was transformed into a laurel tree to avoid his efforts
  • Apollo made laurel leaves sacred and associated them with glory

Metamorphosis: nymph to laurel tree

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5
Q

Philemon and Baucis/ Filemón y Baucis (6)

A
  • Zeus tested the hospitality of humans on earth, and found them all selfish and unwilling to help
  • Went to the house of a poor elderly couple, Philemon and Baucis, and they welcomed him in and provided food and drink, which Zeus magically resupplied
  • He granted them one wish, and they asked to die together
  • Zeus then flooded the entire town, killing all those who had turned him away, replacing it with a marble temple where the couple lived until they died
  • They died together and became a tree with their roots wrapped together

Metamorphosis: elderly couple to tree

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6
Q

Pyramus and Thisbe/Pirano and Tisbe

A
  • couple from rival families that fell and love and decided to elope
  • met at an isolated tree, where a lion chewed up Thisbe’s veil, making Pirano think it ate her
  • Pirano kills himself on his sword and when Thisbe sees him, she does the same
  • they died beside a tree that grew into Mulberry tree with sweet red and black berries, symbolizing the two of them

Metamorphosis: couple to mulberry tree

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7
Q

Pyramus and Thisbe/Pirano and Tisbe (6)

A
  • couple from rival families that fell and love and decided to elope
  • communicated through a hole in a wall between connected houses
  • met at a dark forest where a lion chewed up Thisbe’s veil, making Pirano think it ate her
  • Pirano kills himself on his sword and when Thisbe sees him, she does the same
  • they died beside a tree that grew into Mulberry tree with sweet red and black berries, symbolizing the two of them
  • origin of Romeo and Juliet story

Metamorphosis: couple to mulberry tree

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8
Q

Leucothoe (6)

A
  • Clytie loved the sun god Apollo, but he didn’t love her back and ignored her efforts
  • Apollo instead loved the princess Leucothoe and they slept together
  • Clytie was jealous of Leucothoe and told Leucothoe’s father that Leucothoe, despite being unmarried, wasn’t a virgin
  • The king of Persia Orchamus buried his daughter alive in punishment
  • Apollo then transformed Leucothoe’s dead body into a frankincense tree

Metamorphosis: woman into incense tree

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9
Q

Narcissus (and Echo) (6)

A
  • Echo was cursed by Hera to only repeat already spoken words as punishment for helping cover for Zeus cheating
  • Echo fell in love with Narcissus, but he pushed her away, buying herself in a deep cave, where echos are still heard
  • as punishment for his cruelty to those who loved him, Narcissus was cursed to love himself, staring at his reflection in a pool, agonized by the unrequited love
  • he spent so long staring at himself, he became rooted in the forest and became part of the earth
  • the narcissus flower grew where he was and now hangs over the water, as if looking at its reflection

Metamorphosis: man into flower

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10
Q

Heliades (5)

A
  • Daughters of Apollo and Clymene (water nymph) and sisters of Phaëthon
  • Phaëthon died attempting to drive his father’s chariot (the sun) across the sky
  • The Heliades grieved for four months and the gods turned them into poplar trees and their tears into amber
  • their tears (amber) fell into the river Eridanus, in which Phaethon had fallen

Metamorphosis: women into trees and amber

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11
Q

Hermaphroditus (5)

A
  • Divinely beautiful son of Aphrodite and Hermes
  • Salmacis, a water nymph, fell in love with him and begged the Gods to unite them
  • The Gods united their bodies, forming a half-man and half-woman being
  • This created the first intersex person, with both male and female features (called hermaphroditism)

Metamorphosis: a two seperate people, a man and a woman, merged into a combined intersex body

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12
Q

Arachne

A

Metamorphosis: woman into spider

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