Myopia

Question 1

Etiology of Myopia:

Answer 1

1. Elongated Axial length
2. Refractive system is too strong for its axial length
3. Increased depth of anterior chamber
4. Cataract formation
5. Diabetes mellitus

Question 2

Classifications of Myopia:

Answer 2

1. According to amount
2. According to Sorsby
3. By Origin
4. Onset and Course
5. Form of Categories

Question 3

low degree myopia:

Answer 3

-0.25D to -3.00D

Question 4

medium degree myopia:

Answer 4

-3.00 to -6.00D

Question 5

High degree myopia:

Answer 5

-6.25D and above

Question 6

Sorsby correlative type myopia:

Answer 6

if the refractive power is -6.00D and below

Question 7

Sorsby component type myopia:

Answer 7

if the refractive power is more than -6.00D

Question 8

simple, benign, stationary myopia

Answer 8

Correlative Myopia

Question 9

mildy progressive

if progressing, occurs during the years of growth

Answer 9

customary type myopia

Question 10

pathological, progressive, malignant, degenerative myopia

Answer 10

Component Type

Question 11

due to an abnormal development of the components of the ocular refractive mechanism on the malignant effect of one or more components of diseases

Answer 11

Component type myopia

Question 12

Onset and Course classifications of myopia:

Answer 12

1. Stationary Myopia
2. Temporarily progressive
3. Permanently progressive

Question 13

Forms of Categories of myopia:

Answer 13

a. Simple Myopia
b. Degenerative myopia

Question 14

Signs and Symptoms of Myopia:

Answer 14

1. Dilated pupils
2. Squinting of Eyes
3. Staring expression
4. Exophthalmos (high myopia)
5. Myopic crescent (under ophthalmoscope)

Question 15

Prevalence of Congenital myopia:

Answer 15

1 - 2%

Question 16

Prevalence of Early Onset myopia (6 - 15 yrs old)

Answer 16

15 - 30%

Question 17

Prevalence of Late onset myopia (above 18 yrs old):

Answer 17

8 - 10%

Question 18

Prevalence below -6.00 D in sex/gender:

Answer 18

20% more common in males

Question 19

Prevalence above -6.00D in sex/gender:

Answer 19

twice as common in females

Question 20

Highest myopia prevalence in Race:

Answer 20

Chinese and Japanese

Question 21

a condition of tonic spasm of accommodation which frequently an emmetrope or hyperope appears to be myopic

Answer 21

Pseudomyopia

Question 22

myopia that is revealed by inconsistencies between objective and subjective testing procedures

anomalies of convergence, by spasmodic results in subjective routing and by history of the patient

Answer 22

Pseudomyopia

Question 23

Other names of Pseudomyopia:

Answer 23

• School myopia
• College myopia
• False myopia
• Refractive myopia
• Functional Myopia

Question 24

the amount of myopia that usually appear in dim illumination

Answer 24

Night myopia / Nocturnal Myopia

Question 25

Uncorrected myopia is less noticeable during ______

Answer 25

daytime

Question 26

Symptoms of Night myopia:

Answer 26

• BOV only in low luminance
• feeling of discomfort maintaining fixation in low illumination
• difficulty in night driving and halos around light

Question 27

Causes of Night myopia:

Answer 27

• Spherical Aberration
• Chromatic Aberration
• Purkinje shift
• Error in Accommodation occurring in dim light

Question 28

Causes of Night myopia:

Answer 28

• Spherical Aberration
• Chromatic Aberration
• Purkinje shift
• Error in Accommodation occurring in dim light

Question 29

it is when corneal curvature is becoming irregular or increasing in curvature which results to an increase in the error of refraction resulting to myopia

Answer 29

Keratoconus

Question 30

disorders causing Keratoconus:

Answer 30

• Down syndrome
• Ehlers Danlos Syndrome

Question 31

Rate of progression of Myopia:

Answer 31

-0.25 to 0.55D per year until teen years

Question 32

Earlier onset of myopia means:

Answer 32

faster progression

Greater Myopia

Question 33

Myopia control / management lenses:

Answer 33

• Myopilux
• MiyoSmart
• Vision therapy lens