Hyperopia

Question 1

Definition of Hyperopia:

Answer 1

with accommodation relaxed, parallel rays of light converge to focus behind the retina

Question 2

he first identified and described the condition hyperopia

Answer 2

Kastner - 1855

Question 3

suggested the term Hypermetropia

Answer 3

Donders - 1858

Question 4

he used the word Hyperopia

Answer 4

Helmholtz 1859

Question 5

Hyperopia is considered to be a _____ anomaly

Answer 5

Developmental

Question 6

at birth practically all eyes are _______

Answer 6

Hyperopic

Question 7

at birth practically all eyes are hyperopic, and from 80 to 90% are found to be so within the first _____ of life

Answer 7

first 5 years

Question 8

During adolescence the degree of hyperopia decreases as axial length ______

Answer 8

Increases

Question 9

Simple cause/Etiologies of Hyperopia:

Answer 9

1. Axial Length
2. Refractive system
3. Anterior Chamber Depth
4. Old age

Question 10

Refractive status of eyes at birth:

Answer 10

+2.50D to +3.00 D

Question 11

1mm short of axial length is equal to?

Answer 11

+3.00 D of Hyperopia

Question 12

decreased or less Anterior Chamber depth results to?

Answer 12

Less refractive Power

Question 13

Functional Etiology:

Answer 13

• paralysis of accommodation
• Spasm of accommodation

Question 14

Classifications of Hyperopia:

Answer 14

• According to degree/amount
• According to Sorsby’s classification
• According to action of Accommodation

Question 15

Pathological Causes of Hyperopia:

Answer 15

1. Deformational
2. Curvature
3. Index of Refraction
4. Absence of an element (aphakia)
5. Displacement of Lens

Question 16

sorbsby’s classification:

Answer 16

Correlative Hyperopia

Component Hyperopia

Question 17

Correlative Hyperopia:

Answer 17

errors from +0.25D to +6.00D

Question 18

Component Hyperopia:

Answer 18

errors above +6.00D

Question 19

Low degree of hyperopia:

Answer 19

errors ranging from +0.25D to +3.00D

Question 20

Medium degree of hyperopia:

Answer 20

+3.00D to +5.00D

Question 21

High degree of Hyperopia:

Answer 21

+5.00D and Above

Question 22

Hyperopia according to Action of Accommodation:

Answer 22

1. Facultative Hyperopia
2. Absolute Hyperopia
3. Latent Hyperopia
4. Manifest Hyperopia
5. Total Hyperopia

Question 23

the amount of hyperopia which can be overcome or still be corrected by accommodation

strongest convex lens with which the patient can still maintain full distance vision 6/6

Answer 23

Facultative Hyperopia

Question 24

the amount of hyperopia which cannot be overcome by accommodation

patient cannot normally see 6/6 without a lens

Vision is subnormal

Answer 24

Absolute Hyperopia

Question 25

the amount of hyperopia which cannot be revealed by customary refractive routine can be compensated by accommodation of a ***younger hyperopic person*** revealed during presbyopic age

Answer 25

Latent Hyperopia

Question 26

Two types of latent hyperopia:

Answer 26

* Tonic Latent hyperopia * Clonic Latent hyperopia

Question 27

latent hyperopia that is relatively fixed or permanent state of spasm

Answer 27

Tonic Latent Hyperopia

Question 28

Latent hyperopia that is temporary state of spasm

Answer 28

Clonic Latent hyperopia

Question 29

the amount of hyperopia which can be revealed by routine method of refraction subdivided into facultative and absolute

Answer 29

Manifest Hyperopia (MFA)

Question 30

the entire amount of hyperopia that actually exist the sum of latent and manifest hyperopia

Answer 30

Total Hyperopia (TLM)

Question 31

Headache locations with hyperopia:

Answer 31

Frontal Occipital

Question 32

symptoms of hyperopia (subjective):

Answer 32

1. Asthenopia 2. BOV at near 3. difficulties of fixation 4. Nausea 5. vomiting 6. general fatigue 7. Photophobia 8. tearing

Question 33

Signs of Hyperopia (objective):

Answer 33

1. Constricted pupil 2. conjunctival irritation 3. convergent strabismus 4. vertical brow wrinkles 5. endophthalmic eyes

Question 34

hyperopia correction where esotropia exist:

Answer 34

Maximum Plus correction w/c does not severely handicap vision

Question 35

hyperopia correction where esophoria exist:

Answer 35

Maximum plus correction w/c does not blur vision

Question 36

hyperopia correction where **exophoria** exist:

Answer 36

Partial Correction if full correction it is accompanied by **prism base-in** or by **orthoptic exercises**

Question 37

lens act to increase the index of refraction, to increase total refractive power and restore some elasticity of the lens, therefore presbyopia and hyperopia may diminish or disappear

Answer 37

Second Sight

Question 38

amount of Hyperopia correction when there is: * Constant intermittent blur * Much near work required * Marked eyestrain * Markedly reduced amplitude of accommodation

Answer 38

Full Correction

Question 39

amount of hyperopia correction when there is: * Divergent strabismus or exophoria * Large amount of latency * Very young patients * Maximum acuity needed at far distances

Answer 39

Partial Correction

Question 40

Those with sedentary existence, or who require to use eyes for **fine detailed work** may require what amount of correction?

Answer 40

Stronger Plus Correction

Question 41

correction that is recommended for those who live on outdoor or active existence

Answer 41

Lesser plus correction

Question 42

farthest object point for which image point is focused on the retina an imaginary point located behind the eye

Answer 42

Far Point of Accommodation

Question 43

a real object point located in front of the eye

Answer 43

Near point of accommodation

Question 44

extent to which the image may be located in front or behind the retina and still appear sharp and clear

Answer 44

Depth of Focus

Question 45

extend to which the visual acuity chart may be moved toward or away from the and the optical image is focused on the retina

Answer 45

Depth of Field