Myology Flashcards
What are antagonistic and agonist muscles?
Agonist (or prime movers) muscles produce movement. - CONTRACT
Antagonist muscle moves the body part back to its original position. - LENGTHEN
What are the 3 different types of muscle tissue in the body?
- Skeletal Muscle
- Smooth Muscle (lining of the walls of internal organs and structures)
- Cardiac Muscle (only in the heart)
What are efferent messages and afferent messages?
Efferent messages travel from the brain through the nerves to the muscle receptors.
Afferent messages travel from the muscle receptors through the nerves, spinal cord, and to the brain
What does the Central Nervous System consist of?
The brain and the spinal cord.
What are the 4 different methods of stretching in Yogasana? Hint: there are 4.
- Ballistic Stretching 2. Passive Stretching 3. Active Stretching 4. Facilitated Stretching
What is Passive Stretching?
Form of static stretching that uses body weight, gravity, and synergist/antagonist pairs to stretch and hold for periods of time.
What is Active Stretching?
Being in a position with no assistance other than the use of the agonist muscles.
What is Facilitated Stretching?
Also known at PNF (Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation).
When the targeted muscle creates a brief contraction, which signals the Golgi Tendon Organ to signal the spinal cord to advise the muscle to relax, which deepens the stretch. “Contract - Relax”
Define Abduction and give one pose example, along with what is being Abducted
Moving the body part away from the midline. Prasarita Padottanasana (Wide Legged Forward Fold) both thighs are being abducted at the hip joint.
Define Adduction and give one pose example, along with what is being Adducted.
Moving the body towards the midline.
Garudasana/Eagle the thigh at the hip joint and also the arms towards the midline of body
Define Flexion and give on pose example, along with what is being Flexed.
Movement of a limb into a bent position (i.e. towards the face). The angle between the bones is decreased. In Utthita Balasana/Extended Child’s pose there is flexion at the knee joint, the hip joint, and the spine
Define Extension and give on pose example, along with what is being Extended.
Restoring a body part back to its anatomical position after flexion. Back bending asana are considered hyperextension of the spine. In Tadasana the spine is considered to be extended.
What movements can the Wrists do?
Flexion, Extension, Ulnar Rotation (little finger), Radial Rotation (thumb).
What movements can the Elbows do?
Flexion, Extension, Pronation, Supination
What movements can the Shoulders do?
Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, External (Lateral) Rotation, Internal (Medial) Rotation, Depression, Retraction, Protraction, Circumduction
What movements can the Cervical Spine do?
Flexion, Extension, Lateral Flexion, Axial Rotation
What movements can the Thoracic Spine do?
Flexion, Extension, Lateral Flexion, Axial Rotation.
What movements can the Lumbar Spine do?
Flexion and Extension
What movements can the Hips do?
Abduction, Adduction, Flexion, Extension, Circumduction, Internal (Medial) Rotation, External (Lateral) Rotation, Anterior Tilt, Posterior Tilt, Hiking.
What movements can the Knees do?
Extension, Flexion, also accidental Internal and External rotation can cause tears
What movements can the Ankles do?
Inversion, Eversion, Dorsi Flex, Plantar Flex, Circumduction.
Apply your understanding of the golgi tendon organ reflex and discuss your findings
The Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) is described as a “safety mechanism for the muscles and tendons”
we can use the GTO’s behaviour to enhance stretching by triggering it’s relax response known as Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) to create slack in the muscle which is then used to increase a stretch
Known as facilitated stretching is to apply the ‘Hold-Relax’ technique
Contract for 6-7sec, ensuring the contraction is at 30% of capacity, when released, the relax response is triggered, working with the rule that if a muscle contracts, it must relax.
Only use on healthy muscles!
