Myocardial infarction Flashcards
Describe common Signs and symptoms associated to an MI
- Prolonged chest pain
- Nausea
- Shortness of breath
- pallor
- Abnormal heart sounds
- Increase Blood pressure
- ECG Changes
What were mikes warning signs before the MI
- 8/10 chest pain
- Increased sweating
- Tingling in his hands
- Intense pain
- Pallor
- Morphine was administered with no affect.
What are the common risk factors with an MI
- Advancing age
- Genetics (Family history)
- Male
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Hypertension
What is the pathophysiology of mikes Myocardial Infarction
- Blockage of Coronary Artery related to athersclerosis
- Myocardial ischemia and hypoxia sustained
- Myocardial necrosis - Mike had a STEMI (Full thickness with S-T elevation)
- Breaks down Sarcolemma cell membrane
- leakage of cardiac enzyme, Troponin into blood
- decreased contractility function
- potential risk of dysrhythmia and heart failure
- decreased blood ejection and cardiac output
What are the effects on myocytes that occur due to ischemia during MI
Stunning - Temporary loss of contractility
Hybernation - prolonged loss of contractility
Remodelling - permanent loss of contractility with hypertrophy
Describe what an ECG is and 2 other tests used related to an MI
ECG (Mikes was elevated and depressed)
1. Measures electrical activity of heart
2. Impaired blood supply to the heart affects the cardiac conduction
3. Records cardiac depolarisation and depolarisation
- Blood test
- There is an increased breakdown of myocardial membrane and Troponin is released from the myocytes but can only be detected after 6 hrs - Angiogram
- Injects contrast agent into bloodstream, showing blood vessels in an X-ray - Plasty
- widens narrowed artery with a stent that is inflated
what are some complications related to an MI
- Size of infarcted area will affect heart contractility
- Ventricular Fibrillation - Quiver in heart
- Angina
- Arrhythmia
- re-infarction
What are the acute medication given for an MI
GTN - Relaxes smooth muscle and decreases cardiac work load
Morphine - Opioid, relieves pain
Oxygen - if O2 is under 92%
Nitroglycerin - Potent vasodilator, reduces heart work load and oxygen consumption
Aspirin - Platelet aggression
Thrombolysis - Clexane
- prevents original clot expanding and breaks down.
What discharge medications were given to Mike
NSAID
1. Aspirin
- reduces prostaglandin
- Platelet aggression
Anti-Coagulation
1.Clopidogrel
- prevent platelet activation
Beta - Blocker
1. Metoprolol
- Binds to B-adrenoceptor antagonist. Reduces heart rate, cardiac output and BP. Inhibiting Catecholamines.
Statins
1. Simvastatin
- Inhibits cholesterol synthesis lowering HDL’s
