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Blood Disorders > Myeloma > Flashcards

Myeloma Flashcards

1
Q

What is multiple myeloma

A

Tumour of plasma cells that produce antibodies

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2
Q

What are plasma cells

A

Mature b lymphocytes that produce antibodies

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3
Q

What chains are immunoglobulin made from

A

Kappa

Lambda

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4
Q

What are the blood markers in myeloma

A

Myeloma protein

M protein/paraprotein

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5
Q

What are the features of active myeloma

A 
Hypercalcaemia 
Renal impairment
Anaemia
Bone pain and destruction
Infections 
(CRABI)
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6
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for multiple myelma

A

M protein in serum more than 30g/l
Bone marrow plasma cells more than 10%
Related organ damage (CRABI)

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7
Q

What does myeloma do to bone

A

Swtiches off new bone formation ie is lytic

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8
Q

What causes renal failure in multiple myeloma

A 
Light chain depositin leading to renal tubules 
Dehydration
Infection
Hypercalcemia
Uric acid
Amyloid
Acute tubular necrosis
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9
Q

How is multiple myeloma diagnoses i.e what are the tests

A

Blood test
Electropheresis : to seperate out protein according to size and charge that will quantify immunoglobulin and m-protein
Bone marrow biopsy

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10
Q

What translocation can occur in multiple myeloma

A

Between chromsome 14 and 23

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11
Q

What is renal failure treaated by

A

Avoiding nephortoxic drugs

Hydration

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12
Q

What is hypercalcemia treated with

A

Iv fluid replacement

Biphosphonate (reduced osteoclast acitivityin the bone to reduce bone lysis)

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13
Q

What is cord compression treated by

A

Mri scan

Radiotherapy

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14
Q

What is there hyperviscosity in multiple myeloma

A

Due to high levels of paraprotein

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15
Q

What is the treatment of hyperviscosity

A

Plasma exchnage

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16
Q

How is anaemia treated

A

Erythropoeitin injection

Blood transfustion

17
Q

What drugs does intensive treatmetn involve

A

Velcade
Thalidomide
Lenalidomide

18
Q

What is the action of velcade

A

Blocks preoteasome that is involved in relying long proteins when they pass their expiry date. Blocking will cause cell death

19
Q

How does thalidomide work

A

Stimulate the immune system
Inhibit angiogenesis
Modulate cytokines

20
Q

What protein can be found in the urine and serum

A

Monoclonal protein (bence jones proteins)

Blood Disorders (9 decks)

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