Myelodysplasia Flashcards
what is myelodyspasia
defective development of any part of the spinal cord
what part of the spinal cord is most affected by myelodyspasia
lower segments (thoracic into lumbar)
mechanism of myelodyspasia
congenital tube defect (NTD)
for myelodyspasia, what is the degree of resulting dysfunction related to
anatomic level of the defect
what accompanies myelodyspasia
loss of neurologic function (sensory and motor) below the level of the lesion
what does multifactorial mean
possible environmental and genetic factors affecting
what deficiency is present in myelodyspasia patients
folic acid
what type of SES is present in myelodyspasia
lower SES
what type of agents are present with myelodyspasia patients
teratogenic
what vitamin deficiency is present in myelodyspasia patients
Vitamin A
what factor is present in myelodyspasia patients
Rh factor
what might be ingested in the womb of myelodyspasia patients
alcohol
what is the genetic link of myelodyspasia patients who are prgenant
parents with one child with myelodyspasia have 50x higher chance of having another sibling
what is the normal process of development from the embryo
embryo (20 days after conception)
–>
neural groove
–>
neural crest
–>
closure of neural tube
when does the closure occur for the embryo
day 23
typically, the embryo is completely closed except…
the hole at the top and hole at the bottom
what does the hole at the top represent in the embryo
brain
what does the hole at the bottom represent in the embryo
spinal cord
where else might there be errors in development
vertebral architecture
incidence of neural tube defects
1-2 in 1000
are males or females more affected by neural tube defects
females
what are two methods of pre-natal detection of neural tube defects
- ultrasonic scanning
2. serum AFP testing
what birthing process should be planned for children with neural tube defects
c-section
why is a c-section common in neural tube defect patients
to avoid trauma to the neural sac
what is a method of post-natal diagnosis for neural tube defects
observation
what are the main types of myelodyspasia
occulta and aperta
what does occulta mean
hidden, not visible
mechanism of occulta
failure of one or more vertebral arches to meet and fuse in 3rd month of development
are spinal cord and meninges harmed in occulta
no.. they remain in the vertebral canal unharmed
what happens to the bony defect and skin in occulta
it is covered by skin
where is occulta most common
lumbosacral
any neurologic or musculoskeletal issues in occulta
no.. both systems are fine
what may be present in occulta patients (4)
- depression/dimple
- cafe au lait spot
- soft fatty deposit
- tuft of hair
another word for aperta
cystica
mechanism of aperta
neural tube and vertebral arches fail to close appropriately
what is present in aperta
cystic protrusion of material through defective arches
two types of aperta
- meningocele
2. myelomeningocele
what happens to the meninges and CSF in meningocele
protrusion of meninges and CSF into cystic sac
what happens to the spinal cord in meningocele
spinal cord remains within the vertebral column
can abnormalities be present in meningocele
yes but less common