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Unit 4 > Myelins Functions Tracts > Flashcards

Myelins Functions Tracts Flashcards

1
Q

Gracile fasiculus

A

Fx: carries ipsilateral epicritic sense from lower half of the body
From: this is a primary nerve
To: medulla, gracile nucleus

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2
Q

Dorsolateral fasiculus aka Lissauer’s tract

A

Fx: pain and temperature and nociceptive to dorsal horn
From: pain and temp sensory neurons
To: dorsal horn (substantia gelatinosa)

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3
Q

Dorsal horn (substantia gelatinosa)

A

Fx: Integrates pain and temperature information
From: Lissauer’s tract
To: ALS via anterior white commissure, some terminate on interneurons to mediate spinal reflexes

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4
Q

Ventral horn

A

Fx: contains cell bodies of motor neurons
From: Pyramidal and Extrapyramidal tracts
To: Muscles

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5
Q

Lateral corticospinal tract

A

Fx: voluntary movement, discrete hand movements
From: part of the pyramidal tracts, cerebrum
To: gray matter at all spinal segents
Pathology: ipsilateral paralysis of distal muscles at that level

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6
Q

Anterolateral system

A

Fx: carries protopathic contralateral information
From: sensory neurons in dorsal horn
To: brainstem reticular formation, thalamus, VPL, DM and intralaminar nuclei

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7
Q

Anterior corticospinal tract

A

Fx: Voluntary movement of proximal muscles
From: Part of the pyramidal tracts, cerebrum
To: Intermediate gray area

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8
Q

Cuneate fasciculus

A

Fx: Carries ipsilateral epicritic information from upper limbs
From: this is a primary nerve
To: cuneate nucleus in the medulla

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9
Q

Hypthalamoreticulospinal tract (HRST)

A

Fx: carries preganglionic sympathetic axons destined for the intermediolateral cell column
From: hypothalamus and RF
To: intermediolateral cell column

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10
Q

Ventral spinocerebellar tract

A

Fx: Carries proprioceptive information from the lower limbs
From: Mostly contralateral proprioceptive sensory neurons
To: Contralateral superior cerebellar peduncle
NOTE: THIS DECUSSATES (twice), but the DSCT does not

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11
Q

Dorsal spinocerebellar tract

A

Fx: Carries proprioceptive information destined from the cerebellum from the lower half of the body
From: Proprioceptive neurons destined for the cerebellum
To: Cerebellum vis inferior cerebellar peduncle
***This tract DOES NOT decussate

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12
Q

Rubrospinal tract

A

Fx: Distal motor control
From: Red nucleus
To: Projects ipsilaterally to portions of the gray matter

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13
Q

Where do the HRST and the LST switch?

A

Upper cervical region

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14
Q

Crus cerebri

A

Fx: Cortical control of movement, some descending gating of sensory signals
From: All cerebral areas
To: CN nuclei (corticobulbar tract), Pontine nuclei (corticopontine), gray matter of the spinal cord (corticospinal)

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15
Q

Substantia nigra

A

Fx: pars compact - skeletal movement, dopamine synthesis
pars reticulata - skeletal and eye movements
From: globus pallidus and neostriatum
To: superior colliculus, midbrain RF

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16
Q

Name a pathology of CN 3

A 
External strabismus
Pupil Dilation (EW nucleus)
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17
Q

Red nucleus:

A

Fx: Skeletal movement
From: Motor and premotor cortex, cerebellar nuclei
To: Rubrospinal tract

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18
Q

Cerebellothalamic fibers

A

Fx: ?
From: Cerebellar nuclei
To: VL, VA and intralaminar nucleus in thalamus

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19
Q

LGN

A

Fx: Vision, pattern, motion, color
From: optic tract
To: V1 of occipital lobe via optic radiations

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20
Q

Pretectal area

A

Fx: Constricts pupil to light
From: Optic tract, both eyes
To: E-W nucleus

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21
Q

MLF

A

Fx: Coordinates head and eye position
From: vestibular nuclei, CN 6
To: nuclei of CN 3, 4, 6, cervical spinal cord

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22
Q

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia is a problem in the:

A

MLF, midbrain

23
Q

When your eyes cannot move above the midline, it is a problem of the?

A

Posterior commissure, midbrain

Fx: pupillary light reflex and upward gaze

24
Q

What is a crus cerebri pathology?

A

Loss of independent finger movement, slowed reaction times, perhaps slight weakness

25
Q

MGN

A

Fx: Hearing
From: Inferior colliculi
To: Auditory cortex of the temporal lobe (via internal capsule)

26
Q

An inability to discern patterns, or errors in localizing sound, can be a problem of the:

A

MGN

27
Q

Superior colliculus

A

Fx: Sensory and motor functions
Motor: Controls orienting movements of head and neck
Sensory: Vision
From: Optic tract, visual and parietal cortex
To: Ascending to pulvinar nucleus, descending ocular premotor areas or RF

28
Q

PAG

A

Fx: Pain sensation, rich in endorphin receptors
From: ALS
To: Nucleus Raphe Magnus

29
Q

Pathology of the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle might include?

A 
Intention tremor (midbrain)
Cerebellar signs, ataxia
30
Q

Subtle deficits in the localization of sound might be a problem of the:

A

Inferior colliculus

31
Q

The nucleus of the trigeminal tract projects to:

A

VPM of the thalamus

32
Q

a lesion to the facial colliculus would result in:

A

ipsilateral facial paralysis and ipsilateral unopposed eye medial deviation.

33
Q

Where does the inferior olive project to:

A

The contralateral cerebellar cortex

34
Q

What projects to the VPL of the thalamus?

A

Gracile nucleus, cuneate nucleus

35
Q

Posterior commissure

A

Connects pretectal areas of the brainstem, and the oculomotor premotor areas of both sides of the brainstem
Fx: upward gaze, pupillary light reflex

36
Q

Nucleus Raphe Dorsalis

A

Found in midbrain

same course as the CT fibers, to the VA, VL and intralaminar nucleus of the thalamus

37
Q

Decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle

A

Found in midbrain
Fx: carries signals from cerebellum to brainstem
From: Cerebellum
To: VL, VA of thalamus, red nucleus

38
Q

Brachium of the inferior colliculus

A

Found in midbrain
From: inferior colliculus
To: MGN

39
Q

Brachium of the superior colliculus

A

Found in midbrain
From: optic tract, superior colliculus, visual cortex
To: Superior colliculus, LGN, pulvinar nucleus
General function is vision, but specifics not known

40
Q

Lateral lemniscus

A

Found in midbrain and pons
Fx: hearing
From: Superior olive and cochlear nucleus
To: Inferior colliculus

41
Q

Superior olive

A

Found in pons
Fx: hearing, locating the source of sound
From: cochlear nucleus
To: nucleus of lateral lemniscus, inferior colliculus

42
Q

Inferior olive

A

Found in medulla
Fx: relay sensory and motor information
From: disparate motor and sensory areas of brainstem and cerebrum
To: ***source of climbing fibers in cerebellar cortex

43
Q

spinal tract of 5

A

Found in caudal pons and medulla
From: axons of CN 5
To: spinal nucleus of 5
Fx: somatosensory for head and neck

44
Q

spinal nucleus of 5

A

Found in caudal pons and medulla
Fx: somatosensory for head and neck
From: spinal tract of 5, axons of 5
To: RF, thalamus

45
Q

A pathology of the spinal tract of 5 or spinal nucleus of 5 in the medulla would cause:

A

Loss of pain and temp sense in the face

46
Q

A pathology of the spinal tract of 5 or spinal nucleus of 5 in the pons would cause:

A

Reduced epicritic (2 point) sense in the face

47
Q

Raphe nucleus

A

Found in medulla
Fx: sleep and descending control of pain
From: diverse areas of the cerebrum and diencephalon
To: serotonergic axons in cerebellum, spinal cord

48
Q

A pathology of the Raphe Nucleus in cats might cause:

A

insomnia for REM sleep

49
Q

Nucleus ambiguus

A

Found in medulla
Fx: movement of larynx and pharynx
From: RF, corticobulbar tract
To: muscles of larynx and pharynx

50
Q

A unilateral lesion in the nucleus ambiguus would cause:

A

hoarseness, choking, difficulty swallowing

51
Q

A bilateral lesion in the nucleus ambiguus would cause:

A

aspiration of fluids into the lungs

52
Q

Solitary nucleus and tract

A

Found in medulla
Fx: taste, visceral afferents from 9 and 10
From: CN 7, 9, 10
To: solitary nucleus

53
Q

Tectospinal tract

A

Found in medulla, then becomes part of the extrapyramidal tracts in the spinal cord
Fx: Head movements during visual and auditory tracking
From: deep layers of the superior colliculus
To: anterior funiculus of spinal cord

54
Q

A lesion of the tectospinal tract would cause what symptoms?

A

Nausea, dizziness, imbalance, nystagmus

Unit 4 (25 decks)

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