Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Infectious Agents II > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

Macroconidia or microconidia: Blastmycoses?

A

microconidia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Macro or microconidia: Histoplasmosis?

A

microconidia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Macro or microoconidia: Dermatophytes?

A

both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the infectivity of dimorphic fungi?

A

microconidia produced by mycelial form in the soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 5 primary forms of blasto?

A
  1. pulmonary
  2. ocular
  3. skin lesions
  4. bone
  5. genitourinary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the best way to make a definitive diagnosis of any fungal disease?

A

demonstration of the organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which fungal agents make a capsule?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Location and host for Cryptococcus neoformans:

A

GI tract; birds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Location and host for intestinal aspergillosis?

A

intestine; calves, foals, cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Location of histplasmosis?

A

Has a GI form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Location and host for Pythium?

A

GI; horses and dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Is Histoplasmosis in birds or bats?

A

NO. In soil with their feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

IS Cryptococcus in birds or bats?

A

In birds (GI tract)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does Histoplasmosis look microscopically?

A

has hyaline septate hyphae, microconidia, and larger diagnostically characteristic tuberculated macroconidia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

They are the smallest yeast cells of the major fungal diseases and are the only ones that grow exclusively intracellularly.

A

Histoplasmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Very common here. Mississippi and Ohio river basins and central Atlantic states. Common in Louisiana, Arkansas, and Mississippi. Not worldwide.

A

Blastomycosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Worldwide. Major endemic area of US is Eastern US, North-eastern US, MS river valley basin, and Great Lakes.

A

Histoplasmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Limited to the SW US:

A

Coccidioidomycosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Worldwide, but most common in tropics.

A

Sporotrichosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the defining feature of the Zygomycota?

A

coenocytic hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the different diseases produced by Zygomycetes?

A
  1. mycotic ruminitis
  2. mycotic placentitis
  3. subcutaneous granulomas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the infectious particle for pythium?

A

motile biflagellated spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What agents are sensitive to cycloheximide?

A
  • zygomycetes
  • cryptococcus
  • dermatophytes
  • most saprophytic fungi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the diagnostic tests for Crypto?

A
  • direct exam. of smears from exudates
  • culture
  • immunodiagnosis (best)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Causes lesions on the skin, usually in rings but not always.

A

Dematophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Eye involvement is common (mostly in cats, but some in dogs).

A

Cryptococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Produces mastitis in cattle:

A

Cryptococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Ulcerative lesions of the nose, mouth sinuses, and pharynx are common:

A

Cryptococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Usually localizes in the CNS

A

Cryptococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

In birds - lesions involve the mouth, crop, proventriculus, and gizzard, consisting of white circular paths or white elongated areas along the folds of the mucosa.

A

Candidas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

In cattle - causes dyspnea, pneumonia, nasal discharge, diarrhea, wasting. Mastiting, abortion, and ruminitis can occur.

A

Candidas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Piglets - pseudomemebrane on the tongue, esophagus, and stomach causing vomiting and rapid wasting.

A

Candidas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

In dogs and cats - skin issues, ear infection, pyodermas.

A

Candidas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Only species to form part of the normal human and animal cutaneous commensal flora.

A

Mallasseia pachydermitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Causes several cutaneoous diseases, systemic disease in suitably predisposed humans, and dermatitis in a wide range of animals:

A

Mallasseia pachydermitis

36
Q

Chronic otitis extern and pododermatitis of dogs:

A

Mallasseia pachydermitis

37
Q

Avian - diffuse infection of air sacs. Diffuse pneumonic form. Nodular pneumonic form known as brooder pneumonia:

A

Aspergillosis

38
Q

Cattle - uterine, placental, or fetal skin infections may result in abortion. Mastitis can occur

A

Aspergillosis

39
Q

Equine - abortions and guttural pouch infections. Eye infections are serious.

A

Aspergillosis

40
Q

Dogs - nasal aspergillosis. Osteomyelitis is a common finding

A

Aspergillosis

41
Q

Penguins - pneumonia when housed inadequately

A

Aspergillosis

42
Q

In what species does intestinal aspergillosis occur in?

A

calves, foals, and cats

43
Q

Mycotic ruminitis in calves caused by Absidia, Rhizopus, Mucor, or Rhizomucor

A

Zygomycetes - Order Mucorales

44
Q

Mycotic placentitis in cows caused by Mucor and Mortierella.

A

Zygomycetes - Order Mucorales

45
Q

Subcutaneous granulomas in dogs by Absidia, Cunninghamella, Syncephalastrum spp.:

A

Zygomycetes - Order Mucorales

46
Q

Which fungal species causes mycotic placentitis?

A

Zygomycetes (Order Mucorales) Mucor and Morierella

47
Q

Conidiobolus coronatus infect mucocutaneous site to produce sinusitis, nasopharyngitis or upper respiratory disease in horses.

A

Zygomycetes - Order Entomophthales

48
Q

Basidiobolus ranrum infections occur as SQ mycosis of the trunk and extremities in cattle horses.

A

Zygomycetes - Order Entomophthales

49
Q

What are the common symptoms of the pulmonary form of Blastomycosis?

A
  1. chronic respiratory issues
  2. weight loss
  3. fever
  4. cough and dyspnea
  5. ocular problems
  6. lameness
  7. lymphadenopathy
  8. “snow storm” in lungs
50
Q

What are the common symptoms for the ocular form of blastomycosis?

A
  1. uveitis
  2. panophthalmitis
  3. Glaucoma
  4. acute retinal detachment
51
Q

What are the common symptoms for the skin lesions produced by blastomycosis?

A
  1. found with pulmonary form
  2. granulomatous nodules and draining tracts
  3. pyogranulomatous response
  4. greasy exudate and matted hair around an area of ulcerated skin
52
Q

What are the common symptoms for the bone lesions associated with blastomycosis?

A
  1. lameness
  2. invades osseous tissues
  3. concurrent lymphadenopathy
  4. Rads - osteolytic lesions at ends of long bones
53
Q

What are the common symptoms for the genitourinary form of blastomycosis?

A
  1. prostatis

2. hematuria, pyruia

54
Q

What are the most common symptoms associated with histo in cats?

A

respiratory

55
Q

What are the most common symptoms associated with histo in dogs?

A

GI

56
Q

Which fungal disease is associated with cough and/or chronic diarrhea (may be bloody with mucus), weight loss, anorexia, fever, anemia, peripheral lymphadenopathy? The GI form is often seen in combination with hepatomegaly and splenomegaly.

A

Histoplasmosis

57
Q

Which fungal disease is associated with emaciation, muscle atrophy, debilitation, painful bones and joints, lameness, skin infections, etc.?

A

Coccidiomycosis

58
Q

Lesions are confined to the skin and SQ tissue as nodules or granulomas which may spread along lymphatics and often ulcerate and drain

A

Sporotrichosis

59
Q

Systemic dissemination is rare but may spread to bones or internal organs and pylmonary disease is rare

A

Sporotrichosis

60
Q

What are the GI signs associated with Pythium?

A
  1. vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia
  2. A firm abdominal mass
  3. thickened stomach wall
  4. In horses, the lesions are granulomatous, fistulated and/or ulcerated
61
Q

What are the hosts and reservoirs for zoophilic dermatophytes?

A

animals

62
Q

What is the reservoir for geophilic dermatophytes?

A

soil

63
Q

Know which animals amplify Sporotrichosis so that when they introduce it back into the environment it causes false zoonosis.

A

Cats

64
Q

What type f tissue is invaded by the dermatophytes?

A

only non-viable keratinous tissue

65
Q

How far do dermatophytes grow down into the hair follicle?

A

Grow down to the Adamson’s fringe, a zone just above the area of keratin synthesis based on association of the dermal papillae with the hair bulb.

66
Q

Dermatophyte that is zoophilic and in dogs, cats, and horses?

A

Microsporum canis

67
Q

Dermatophytes that is geophilic and in dogs and horses:

A

Microsporum gypseum

68
Q

Dermatophytes that is ubiquitous and in dogs, horses, and lab animals:

A

Trichyophyton mentagrophytes

69
Q

Quickest, easiest, simply, most reliable way to identify fungi.

A

direct examination of the fungus

70
Q

What stain do you use for dermatophytes?

A

PAS stain

71
Q

What stain do you use for Cryptococcus?

A

India ink (shows capsule)

72
Q

What are the two “big” stains?

A

PAS, GMS

73
Q

What type of fungus do you not culture?

A

dimorphs

74
Q

List off the dimorphic fungi (4):

A
  1. blastomycosis
  2. histoplasmosis
  3. coccidioidomycosis
  4. sporotrichosis
75
Q

What agent is associated with nasopharyngitis in horses?

A

Conidiobolus coronatus (A zygomycete that infects mucocutaneous site to produce nasopharyngitis in horses.)

76
Q

Which fungi get in the eyes of animals?

A
  • pythium
  • cryptococcus
  • blastomycosis
    (Hard to diagnose, hard to treat)
77
Q

Brooder pneumonia in chickens is caused by:

A

Aspergillosis fumigatus

78
Q

Inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis via inhibition of squalene epoxidase

A

terbinafine

79
Q

inhibits fungal protein synthesis by replacing uracil with 5-fluouracil in fungal RNA

A

flucytosine

80
Q

Inhibits thymidylate synthetase via 5-fluorodeoxy-uridine monophosphate and interferes with DNA synthesis

A

flucytosine

81
Q

Inhibition of cytochrome P450. Stops creation of ergosterol.

A

Fluconazole, itraconazole, ketaconazole

82
Q

Blocks synthesis of a major fungal cell wall component, 1-3-beta-D-glucan:

A
  • caspofungin
  • micafungin
  • anidulafungin
83
Q

Binds to sterols (mainly ergosterol) and disrupts osmotic integrity of the fungal membrane. This results in leakage of intracellular K, Mg, sugars, and metabolisms and eventually cell death.

A

Amphotericin B

84
Q

Inhibits fungal mitosis by disrupting the mitotic spingle through interaction with polymerized microtubules

A

griseofulvin

85
Q

Know the treatment for Pythium.

A

There is no treatment. Surgical removal may be attempted but is non-successful.

86
Q

What causes pseudomembrane on the tongue, esophagus, and stomach causing vomiting and rapid wasting in piglets:

A

Candida

Infectious Agents II (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions