Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

STEP 1 (4) > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

What fungi can cause systemic mycoses?

A

Histoplasmosis

Blastomycosis

Coccidioidomycosis

Paracoccidioidomycosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Notes about the systemic mycoses inducing fungi

A
  • All can cause pneumonia and can disseminate
  • All are dimorphic fungi (cold (20C)= mold; heat (37C)= yeast)- the only exception is coccoidomycosis, which is a spherule (not yeast) in tissue

Tx with fluconazole or itra for local infection and ampho B for systemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Systemic mycoses can mimic TB (granuloma formation) but…

A

they have no person-person transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is this?

A

Histoplasmosis (histo bodies within macrophages)- associated with brid or bat droppings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is Histoplasmosis endemic?

A

Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys- causes pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Blastomycosis-broad-based buding (same size as RBCs)

A

Blastomycosis- causes inflammatory lung disease and can disseminate to skin and bone (forms granulomatous nodules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Blastomycosis- common in states east of the Mississippi River and Central America

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Coccidioidomycosis- spherules (much larger than RBCs)- filled with endospores

A

Coccidioidomycosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is Coccidioidomycosis common?

A

Southwestern US, California- causes meningitis and penumonia and can disseminate to bone and skin

Common after earthquakes when spores are thrown into the air and inhaled to form spherules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Paracoccidioidoycosis- budding yeast with ‘captains wheel’ formation

A

Paracoccidioidoycosis-common in Latin America

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the major cutaneous mycoses?

A

TInea (dermatophytes)- capitis, corporis, cruris, pedis, unguium

Tinea versicolor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dermatophytes (tinea) include what spp?

A

Microsporum

Trichophyton

Epidermophyton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is Tinea diagnosed?

A

branching septate hyphae visible on KOH prep with blue fungal stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does tinea capitis present?

A

Occurs on head, scalp, and is associated with LD< alopcia, and scaling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does tinea corporis present?

A

Occurs on the body and is marked by erythematous scaling rings (ringworm) and central clearing- can be acquired from contact with an infected dog or cat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does tinea cruris present?

A

Occurs in inguinal area and often DOES NOT show the central clearing seen in tinea corporis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe tinea pedia

A

3 varieties:

Interdigital (most common) (below)

Moccasin distribution

Vesicular types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Tinea pedis- Vesicular type

A

Tinea pedis- Moccasin type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe Tinea unguium

A

Onchomycosis; occurs on nails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What causes Tinea versicolor?

A

Malassezia spp (Pityrosporum spp.), a yeast-like fungus (not a dermatophyte despite being called tinea)

NOTE: Below: degradation of lipids produces acids that daage melanocytes and cause hypopigmentation and/or pink patches

21
Q

When is Tinea versicolor most common?

A

summer (hot, humid weather)

22
Q

What does Tinea versicolor look like on microscopy?

A

Spaghetti and meatballs

23
Q

What are the main opportunistic fungal infections?

A

Candida albicans

Aspergillus fumigatus

Crytpococcus neoformans

Mucor and Rhizopus spp.

24
Q

What is this?

A

Candida albicans- pseudohyphae and budding yeasts at 20C and germ tubes at 37C

25
Q

Candida can cause oral and esophageal thrush in immunocompromised (neonates, steroids, diabetes, AIDs), vulvoganitis (diabets, ABX users), diaper rash, endocarditis in IVDU, disseminated candidiasis

A

Candida vulvovaginitis

26
Q

How is Candida tx?

A

topical axzole for vaginal

nystatin, fluconazole, or caspofungin for oral/esophagel

fluconazole, caspofungin, or ampho B for systemic

27
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus- invasive aspergillosis, especially in immunocompromised and those with chronic granulomatous disease

Diagnosis: Septate hyphae that branch at 45 degrees (ACUTE!!)

A

NOT dimorphic

28
Q

What diseases does Aspergillus fumigatus cause?

A

Alergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)- associated with asthma and cystic fibrosis; may cause bronchiectasis and eosinophilia

Aspergillomas in lung cavities, especially after TB infection

29
Q

Some species of Aspergillus produce _______

A

alfatoxins, which are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma

30
Q

What is this?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans, the cause of cryptococcosis

31
Q

What is the structure of Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

heavily encapsulated yeast (not dimorphic)

32
Q

What is the major association of Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

soil and pigeon droppings (acquired through inhalation with heme dissemination to meninges)

33
Q

How is Cryptococcus neoformans confirmed?

A

India Ink or mucicarmine stain

culture on Saboruaud agar

Latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen and is more specific

34
Q

Crypto- soap bubble lesion in brains

A

Crypto- soap bubble lesion in brains

35
Q

What fungal disease is most common in ketoacidotic diabetics and/or neutropenic pts (e.g. leukemia)?

A

Mucormycosis

36
Q

Mucomycosis- look for rhinocerebeal, frontal lobe abscesses, or cavernous sinus thrombosis

HA, facial pain, and black necrotic eschars on face common

A

Wide angle branching hyphae!!

37
Q

How is Mucormycosis tx?

A

surgical debridement and ampho B

38
Q

What is the cause of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)?

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

39
Q

Describe Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

This is a yeast like fungus that is inhaled and most infections are asymptomatic and immunosuppression predisposes to disease.

40
Q

How does PCP present?

A

diffuse, bilateral ground-glass opacitices on CXR/CT

41
Q

Opacities seen with PCP- look near the back of each lung

A
42
Q

How is PCP diagnosed?

A

lung lavage or lung biopsy

43
Q

How does Pneumocystis jirovecii appear on methanmine silver stain of lung tissue?

A

Disc-dhaped yeast form

44
Q

How is PCP tx?

A

TMP-SMX, pentamidine, dapsone (prophylaxis only), atovaquone (prophylaxis only)- make sure to start prophylaxis when CD4+ count drops below 200/MM3 in HIV pts.

45
Q

What is this?

A

Sporotrichosis (sporothrix schenckii)

46
Q

Describe Sporothrix schenckii

A

dimorphic, cigar-shaped budding yeast that lives on vegetation

47
Q

How is Sporothrix schenckii transmitted?

A

When spores are traumatically introduced into the skin, typically by a thorn (rose gardener’ disease), it causes a local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics (asending lymphangitis)

Disseminated disease possible in immunocompromised hosts

48
Q

How is Sporothrix schenckii tx?

A

itra or posassium iodidi

STEP 1 (4) (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions