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STEP 1 (4) > Antifungals > Flashcards

Antifungals Flashcards

1
Q

How does Ampho B work?

A

Binds ergosterol (unique to fungi) and forms membrane pores that allow leakage of electrolytes

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2
Q

What are the AEs of Ampho B?

A

Fever/chills (shake and bake)

hypotension

nephrotoxicity

arrhthymias

anemia

IV phlebitis

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3
Q

How can Ampho B toxicity be limited?

A

liposomal formulation

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4
Q

How does Nystatin work?

A

Same as ampho B, but can only be given topically

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5
Q

What are the main uses for Nystatin?

A

Thrush (candida) and topical for diaper rash or vaginal candidiasis

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6
Q

How does Flucytosine work?

A

Inhibits DNA and RNA biosynthesis by conversion to 5-FU by cytosine deaminase

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7
Q

AEs of Flucytosine?

A

Bone marrow suppression

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8
Q

How do AZOLES work?

A

Inhibit fungal sterol synthesis (14a…)

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9
Q

What is a major use of Fluconazole?

A

chronic suppression of cryptococcal meningitis in AIDs pts. and candidal infections of all types

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10
Q

How do Terbinafines work?

A

Inhibits fungal enzymes squalene epoxidase (good for dermatophytes especially onychomycosis)

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11
Q

How do echinocandins work?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis by inhibiting synthesis of B-glucan (invasive aspergillosis, Candida)

may cause GI upset and flushing via histamine release

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12
Q

How does Griseofulvin work?

A

Interferes with microtubule function; disrupts mitosis

Deposits in keratin-containing tissues (e.g. nails)

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13
Q

What is the preferred tx of toxoplasmosis?

A

Pyrimethamine

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14
Q

What is the preferred tx of trypanosoma brucei?

A

Suramin and melarsoprol

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15
Q

What is the preferred tx of trypanosoma cruzi?

A

Nifurtimox

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16
Q

What is the preferred tx of Leischmaniasis?

A

Sodium stibogluconate

17
Q

How does Chloroquine work?

A

Blocks detox of heme into hemozoin causing heme to accumulate and be toxic to plasmodia. for use in tx of plasmodial species other thn P. falciparum (resistance too high)

18
Q

How should P. faricparum be tx?

A

artemether/lumefantrine or atovaquone/proguanil or quinidine for life-threatening malaria

19
Q

What are the AEs of Chloroquine?

A

Retinopathy

pruritis (esp. in black pts.)

STEP 1 (4) (18 decks)

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