Mycology Flashcards
Fungi Classification Groups
Zygomycetes (Zygospores)
Basidiomycetes (Basidiospores)
Ascomycetes (Ascospores)
Deuteromycetes or Fungi Imperfecti
Lichens
Symbiotic relationship between fungi and photosynthetic organisms (algae or cyanobacteria)
Mycorrhizae
Symbiotic relationship between fungi and roots of plants
Pityriasis Versicolor (Tinea Versicolor)
Hypo/hyper-pigmented skin patches
Sunlight exposure tans patches around skin, not fungus
(Malassezia species)
Tinea nigra
Dark brown to black painless patches on soles of hands and feet
(Exophiala werneckii)
Dermatophytosis
Normal skin is resistant
Excessive moisture allows keratinized layers of tissue
3 types of keratinophilic fungi: Trichophyton, Epidermophyton and Microsporum
Candida albicans
Oral thrush (mouth)
Diaper rush (groin)
Candida vaginitis (vagina)
“Opportunistic”
Normal flora in upper respiratory, gastrointestinal and female genital tracts
Clinical: thrush, esophageal, disseminated candidas
Diagnosed by yeast, pseudohyphae, and germ tube formation
Tinea corporis
Superficial Cutaneous Mycoses
Mycosis of body
Tinea capitis
Superficial Cutaneous Mycoses
Mycosis of scalp
Tinea axillaris
Superficial Cutaneous Mycoses
Mycosis of underarm
Tinea cruris
Superficial Cutaneous Mycoses
Mycosis of groin
Tinea pedis
Superficial Cutaneous Mycoses
Mycosis of foot
Tinea unguium (onychomycosis)
Superficial Cutaneous Mycoses
Mycosis of nails
Sporothrix schenckii (sportlichosis)
Dimorphic fungus
Hazard for gardeners
Local pustule or ulcer with nodules along the draining lymphatics
Phialophora and Cladosporium (chromoblastomycosis)
Wart-like lesions with crusting abscesses extending along the lymphatic system
Coccidiodes immitis
Coccidiodomycosis (Valley Fever)
Dimorphic fungus- mold in soil (barrel shape arthrospores on ends of hyphae), spherule (endospores) in tissue
Transmitted by inhalation of arthrospores
Asymptomatic, mild “flu-like” symptoms, dissemination in immunocompromised
Histoplasma capsulatum
Histoplasmosis (Spelunkers disease)
Dimorphic fungus- mold in soil, yeast in tissue (tuberculate macroconidia)
Transmitted via inhalation of conidia
Asymptomatic, mild respiratory symptoms, dissemination in immunocompromised
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Blastomycosis
Dimorphic fungus- mold in soil, yeast in tissue
Transmitted via inhalation of conidia
Chronic granulomatous disease, primary pulmonary stage frequently spreads, dissemination results in ulcerated granulomas of skin or bone
Paracoccidiodes Brasiliensis
Paracoccidiodes
Dimorphic fungus- mold in soil, yeast in tissue
Transmitted via inhalation of spores
Symptoms are chronic granulomatous disease, lymph nodes involved, dissemination to skin and visceral organs, primary pulmonary infection, often asymptomatic
Cryptococcus (Filobasidiella) neoformans
Cryptococcus
Present in soil, pigeon droppings
“Opportunistic function”
Transmitted by inhalation of minimally encapsulated spores or basidiospores
Asymptomatic, CNS, individuals with cell-mediated immunity
Virulence factor- capsule(antiphagocytic), melanin production, and growth w/macrophages
Aspergillus fumigatus/flavus
Exists only in molds
Immune compromised patients
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Alfatoxin production
Rhizopus and Mucor
Zygomycosis Saprophytic molds Invade tissues of immunocompromised patients Invade blood vessels Rhinocerebral/Craniofacial Pulmonary
