Mycology

Question 1

Fungi Classification Groups

Answer 1

Zygomycetes (Zygospores)
Basidiomycetes (Basidiospores)
Ascomycetes (Ascospores)
Deuteromycetes or Fungi Imperfecti

Question 2

Lichens

Answer 2

Symbiotic relationship between fungi and photosynthetic organisms (algae or cyanobacteria)

Question 3

Mycorrhizae

Answer 3

Symbiotic relationship between fungi and roots of plants

Question 4

Pityriasis Versicolor (Tinea Versicolor)

Answer 4

Hypo/hyper-pigmented skin patches
Sunlight exposure tans patches around skin, not fungus
(Malassezia species)

Question 5

Tinea nigra

Answer 5

Dark brown to black painless patches on soles of hands and feet
(Exophiala werneckii)

Question 6

Dermatophytosis

Answer 6

Normal skin is resistant
Excessive moisture allows keratinized layers of tissue
3 types of keratinophilic fungi: Trichophyton, Epidermophyton and Microsporum

Question 7

Candida albicans

Answer 7

Oral thrush (mouth)
Diaper rush (groin)
Candida vaginitis (vagina)
“Opportunistic”
Normal flora in upper respiratory, gastrointestinal and female genital tracts
Clinical: thrush, esophageal, disseminated candidas
Diagnosed by yeast, pseudohyphae, and germ tube formation

Question 8

Tinea corporis

Answer 8

Superficial Cutaneous Mycoses

Mycosis of body

Question 9

Tinea capitis

Answer 9

Superficial Cutaneous Mycoses

Mycosis of scalp

Question 10

Tinea axillaris

Answer 10

Superficial Cutaneous Mycoses

Mycosis of underarm

Question 11

Tinea cruris

Answer 11

Superficial Cutaneous Mycoses

Mycosis of groin

Question 12

Tinea pedis

Answer 12

Superficial Cutaneous Mycoses

Mycosis of foot

Question 13

Tinea unguium (onychomycosis)

Answer 13

Superficial Cutaneous Mycoses

Mycosis of nails

Question 14

Sporothrix schenckii (sportlichosis)

Answer 14

Dimorphic fungus
Hazard for gardeners
Local pustule or ulcer with nodules along the draining lymphatics

Question 15

Phialophora and Cladosporium (chromoblastomycosis)

Answer 15

Wart-like lesions with crusting abscesses extending along the lymphatic system

Question 16

Coccidiodes immitis

Answer 16

Coccidiodomycosis (Valley Fever)
Dimorphic fungus- mold in soil (barrel shape arthrospores on ends of hyphae), spherule (endospores) in tissue
Transmitted by inhalation of arthrospores
Asymptomatic, mild “flu-like” symptoms, dissemination in immunocompromised

Question 17

Histoplasma capsulatum

Answer 17

Histoplasmosis (Spelunkers disease)
Dimorphic fungus- mold in soil, yeast in tissue (tuberculate macroconidia)
Transmitted via inhalation of conidia
Asymptomatic, mild respiratory symptoms, dissemination in immunocompromised

Question 18

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Answer 18

Blastomycosis
Dimorphic fungus- mold in soil, yeast in tissue
Transmitted via inhalation of conidia
Chronic granulomatous disease, primary pulmonary stage frequently spreads, dissemination results in ulcerated granulomas of skin or bone

Question 19

Paracoccidiodes Brasiliensis

Answer 19

Paracoccidiodes
Dimorphic fungus- mold in soil, yeast in tissue
Transmitted via inhalation of spores
Symptoms are chronic granulomatous disease, lymph nodes involved, dissemination to skin and visceral organs, primary pulmonary infection, often asymptomatic

Question 20

Cryptococcus (Filobasidiella) neoformans

Answer 20

Cryptococcus
Present in soil, pigeon droppings
“Opportunistic function”
Transmitted by inhalation of minimally encapsulated spores or basidiospores
Asymptomatic, CNS, individuals with cell-mediated immunity
Virulence factor- capsule(antiphagocytic), melanin production, and growth w/macrophages

Question 21

Aspergillus fumigatus/flavus

Answer 21

Exists only in molds
Immune compromised patients
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Alfatoxin production

Question 22

Rhizopus and Mucor

Answer 22

Zygomycosis
Saprophytic molds
Invade tissues of immunocompromised patients
Invade blood vessels
Rhinocerebral/Craniofacial
Pulmonary