Mycology

Question 1

yeast

Answer 1

single cell, budding, infection stage

Question 2

molds

Answer 2

multcell, hyphae, condidal

Question 3

contagion of fungi infxn

Answer 3

no P2P, spore inhalantion, direct inoculation, contact with hostpiakl ppl

Question 4

monomorphic and dimorphic molds

Answer 4

mono always molds
di is mold at room temp in ENVIRO
OOORRRRR
yeast/spirulesand BODY temp (37)

Question 5

growth rate of mold and yeast

Answer 5

mold is slow. yeast is fast.

Question 6

histology of aspergillous, zygomyces, candida

Answer 6

asp: hyphae, septae, dichotomous 45 degree angle branching
zygomyces: no septa, irrg shaped, fat, 90 degrees, broad
candida: mor eparalell… <><><><> kinda like that but oval shaped

Question 7

anti fungal drug targets

Answer 7

1. cell membrane
2. dna synthesis
3. cell wall

b13 and b16 glucan because it is not in mammal cells. chitin. egesterol (membrane) in stead of cholesterol

Question 8

how can you follow a patient as far as fungal infxn’s go?

Answer 8

B13 and B16 glucan and mannoproetins are made as fungi grow so if it spikes you know a pt may have a fungal infection

Question 9

polyenes
azoles
flurinatoed pyrimidine
echinocandins

Answer 9

polyenes- membrane distrupting - ampho b
binds to sterols in cell membrane

azoles - estergol synthesis inhibitor - cell membrane
bind got lanosterol 14 a demethylase)

fluronated pyrimidine - nucleic acid inhibitor

echoincandids - glucan synthesis inhibitors
these aren’t in mammals so it has low toxicity!

Question 10

histology of fungi before and after abx exposure

Answer 10

before: smooth, budding, fuzzy
after: lose form, crenated

Question 11

MIC

Answer 11

if less than 8 micrograms per mL - considered susceptible

MIC is actually the lowest conc of anti fungal that demonstrates no growth - wanna keep tx level above it.

Question 12

superficial fungal dz

Answer 12

outermost layer of skin and hair

low path, no inflame, no immune rxn, no pain

iue. tinea nigra

Question 13

cutanous fungal dz

Answer 13

invasive hair and nail and deeper epidermis

ring worm
animal to human
tinea corposis

Question 14

subq fungal dz

Answer 14

dermis, sq, muscle and fascia

sp trauma and saphrophytic molds, lesion at site of injury can spread

sportichrosis

Question 15

systemic

Answer 15

primarily in lung then spread to other organs
self limited. resolution gives life long immunity, geo restricted

examples forthcoming

Question 16

opportunistic

Answer 16

ie. candida

Question 17

sportrichosis

Answer 17

subcutanesous

dimorphic
gardening
chronic skin infxn 
nodular lesions to lymph nodes
can be pulm if inhale spores
slow pregression 

histo: astroid body with eosinophilic pink and white circle inside

Question 18

histoplasmic capsulatim (+ 3 forms)

Answer 18

systemic
dimorphic
survive in macrophage
Fe and Ca

1. acute primary pulmonary - flu like
2. progressive pulmonary - if prev COPD
3. progressive disseminated - must be immunocomp. scattered infected macrophage throughout resp and immune organs

Question 19

candidiasis

Answer 19

opportunistic

gram NEG rods

mucous membranes

c. albicans

thrush, esophagitis, vag, endocarditis fungemia

appear as budding yeast and pinched psuedohyphae in tissue

Question 20

cryptococcus

Answer 20

opportunistic

c. neoformans is the only pathogenic one in the genus

capsule

soil and pigeon droppings
inhaled for hmans

brain and meninges, lung, etc
CHECK CSF- low glucose high WBC

appears as budding yeast in tissue

histology —- indicative is a HALO*****

Question 21

aspergillosis

Answer 21

opportunistic
soil and decaying organic matter
likes to invade vasculature and cause thrombosis infarction and necrosis

in tissue appear as hyaline, septa hyphae and branch dicot and 45 deg angles

SPORES!

ulcerative skin lesions of hard palate and sinuses?

Question 22

zycomyces

Answer 22

faster than any other fungi

opportunistic

soil and decaying stuff

vascular invasion likely

causes rhinocerebral, pulm. cutaneous, gi, etc

in tissue it appears as hyaline broad non setptaed hyphae with irreg branching.

rhizoirds stolons and condidospore