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Microbiology Exam 1 > Gram Negative Cocci/Bacillus > Flashcards

Gram Negative Cocci/Bacillus Flashcards

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1
Q

macrophage infectious protein

A

in legionella - but it is a protein that can get into a macrophage, inhibit phagocytosis and lysozyme binding/fusion

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2
Q

“subclinical”

A

high incidence of infection but low incidence of colonization - so a lot of carriers but don’t develop the pathology

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3
Q

attack rate

A

cases / # exposures

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4
Q

H antigen

A

flagella

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5
Q

K antigen

A

capsule

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6
Q

O antigen

A

LPS

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7
Q

LT 1/2

A

enterotoxigenic ecoli (ETEC) - heat labile toxin

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8
Q

ST 1/2

A

ETEC, enterotoxogenic ecoli - heat stable toxin

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9
Q

Travelers Diarrhea

A

enterotoxic ecoli (ETEC)

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10
Q

SLT 1/2

A

enterotoxin in EHEC or enterohemmorhagic ecoli; lysogenic properties

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11
Q

how do enterotoxins work? (ie. LT 1/2)

A

bacterial attachment to (colonic) mucosa. penetration. ribosylates. cAMP damages membrane. binds internally. activates chloride channels. net loss of fluid and lytes.

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12
Q

enterotoxins subunit A and B

A

B- attach to cell surface A- penetrate and effector (GTP binds target internally)

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13
Q

Dysentary

A

enteroinvasive ecoli and shigella

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14
Q

OMP 1 (neisseria)

A

mediates intracellular survival. protects pathogen.

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15
Q

antibody to OMP1

A

protects host via stimulating phagocytosis - form of virulence

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16
Q

OMP2 (neisseria)

A

adherance. r/t virulance.

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17
Q

OMP3 (neisseria)

A

blocks antibody by blocking binding site of OMP1 - protects the organism/pathogen. component of virulence.

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18
Q

opportunistic infection

A

when microorg in a persons flora or in the normal enviro produces a pathology/rxn when the host is unprotected or compromised

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19
Q

polar flagella

A

toxin on both ends

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20
Q

exotoxin A

A

opportunistic infection p. aerignosa - inhibits host cell protein synthesis

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21
Q

exotoxin B

A

inhibits EF1 with protein synthesis in host. oportunic infection p. aeringosa

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22
Q

zoonoses

A

a dz animals can tx to humans under normal, natural conditions

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23
Q

zoonoses source?

A

food, water, insects and more

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24
Q

how do you control zoonoses?

A

immuniza animal, process food from animals (ie. pasteurize milk), vector control, kill animals

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25
Q

bipolar staining

A

dye at both ends and have a blank space in the middle

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26
Q

YOPS

A

antiphagotic protein in bubonic plague - cytotoxic to phagocytes

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27
Q

Fra-1

A

antiphagocytic protein in bubonic plage - capsule

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28
Q

LCRv

A

takes YOPS into the cell in bubonic plague

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29
Q

what is serum resistance?

A

to antibodies and complement activation

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30
Q

Pla

A

in bubonic plague. allows pathogen to degrade and bust out of clots. to protect self.

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31
Q

what is a consequence of the metabolic adjustment of low Ca++ response?

A

break free of fibrin clot and spread and get into phagocytes in bubonic plague

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32
Q

what does legionella look like?

A

pleiomorphic. poorly stains unless with silver.

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33
Q

where does legionelle come from?

A

water

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34
Q

in what ways is legionella a facultative intracellular parasite?

A

macrophages, monocytes and ameobas.

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35
Q

what does legionella need as far as nutrients?

A

Fe++ and cysteine

36
Q

what special OMPs does Legionella have?

A

macrophage infectious protein

37
Q

how do you transmit legionella?

A

NO P2P; inhalation of droplets; NO ANIMAL VECTOR

38
Q

describe Legionella infection and where it affects body

A

pneumonia/Respiratory; can be subclinical or subacute (in Pontiac Fever)

39
Q

what increases the risk of Legionella?

A

smoke, eton, immunosup, old age

40
Q

recovery from Legionella?

A

cell mediated immunity

41
Q

compare legionare dz and pontiac fever

A

epidemic in fever (whereas other is both that and sporadic)

pontiac has:
higher attack rate
lower mortality
no resp or extrapulm involvement
shorter incubation
self limiting
42
Q

what is the best lab test to dx legionella? pitfalls?

A

type 1 antigen in the urine with EIA or latex agglutination. weakness: can only ID serotype 1

also molecular amplification - pcr - but must be invasive

43
Q

why are cultures and serology bad for legionella?

A

culture bad bc complicated medium

serology bad because it takes a long time and the titer must increase four fold bc exposure does not always mean attack

44
Q

how do you treat, control and prevent legionella?

A

treat: macrolides - anything that can get into the cell and accumulate
NO CEPHALOSPORINS

control; hyper heat hyper chlorinate

prevent: reduce aerosols

45
Q

where does enteropathic (EPEC), enteroaggregative (EAggEc), Enteroinvasive (EIEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enterohemmoragic (EHEC) colonize?

A

all in small intestine besides enteroinvasive EIEC

46
Q

where does enteropathic (EPEC), enteroaggregative (EAggEc), Enteroinvasive (EIEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enterohemmoragic (EHEC) - which have bloody diarrhea?

A

only EIEC and EHEC

47
Q

where does enteropathic (EPEC), enteroaggregative (EAggEc), Enteroinvasive (EIEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enterohemmoragic (EHEC) have toxin?

A

all + except:

- toxin: EPEC, EIEC

48
Q

where does enteropathic (EPEC), enteroaggregative (EAggEc), Enteroinvasive (EIEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enterohemmoragic (EHEC) penetrate or effacement?

A

all penetrate except EPEC and EAggEc

+ Effacement: EPEC

  • Effacement : EAggEc
49
Q

what are the S+S of subclinical EAggEc?

A

chronic inflammation

50
Q

What is common cause of EAggEc?

A

mal nut and mal abs in kids

51
Q

which ecoli strand is ulcerative?

A

EIEC and EHEC

52
Q

what are the three S+S of EHEC? enterohemmorhagic

A

hemolytic anemia
thrombocytopenia
acute renal failure

53
Q

what is subtype 1 of salmonella? where?

A

humans and warm blooded animals

54
Q

does salmonella have flagella? toxin?

A

yes; no toxin

55
Q

what are some of the factors that help salmonellas virulence?

A
  1. can live at a low ph
  2. OMP allows to adhere and invade
  3. capsule
  4. faculative parasite
56
Q

explain the pathogenesis of salmonella

A

adhere to microvilli in terminal small bowel. invade and penetrate epithelial mucosa. cause inflammation . invade lymph nodes. very rarely blood.

57
Q

what are hosts and vehicles of salmonella?

A

hosts - animals and people; vehicles: animal product food; turtles

58
Q

what is enteric fever and what are the early and late phases?

A

a serotype of salmonella. early you have bacteremia and fever and later you may have fever and gastroenteritis - an asymptomatic carrier sheds for 1 year with a reservoir the gall bladder

59
Q

Shigella - does it have flagella? toxin?

A

no and yes

60
Q

explain pathogenesis of shigella

A

low infective dose, proliferate in small intestine. colonize in colonic mucose. spread laterally to epithelial cells. cause damage and ulcers.

61
Q

what 2 infections use pedicles?

A

shigella and EAggEc

62
Q

2 stages of shigella

A

early/ toxigenic - fever, watery stool

later/invasive - fever, bloody stool

63
Q

transmission of shigella

A

human carriers, P2P, risk to kids

64
Q

how can you tx, control and prevent shigella?

A

tx - none; control: clean food etc; prevent - no vaccine

65
Q

Neisseria gonnorheae: colonize?

A

mucous membranes in humans

66
Q

Neisseria gonnorheae: needs to grow?

A

capnophilic, Fe++, Co2, narrow temp range

67
Q

Neisseria gonnorheae: virulent strands have?

A

pili —- but also all have capsules

68
Q

Neisseria gonnorheae: qualities r/t virulance

A
  1. pili adhere
  2. OMP 1, 2, 3
  3. lactoferrin and transferrin binding (Fe++ easily)
  4. endotoxin for inflammation
  5. IgA protease
69
Q

Neisseria gonnorheae: s+s

A

men - always

women - none

70
Q

Neisseria gonnorheae: gram stain, culture, nucleic acid probes, serology, molecular amplification

A

gram stain: only good for males because females often don’t express so you may see inflammation but you can’t differentiate

culture: medium too complicated also it dies in transport bc narrow temp and capnophilia

nucleic acid probes: high specificity but low sensitivity

serology - nope

molecular amplification: best bc it is independent of viability. so if it dies in transport it is ok. also the fact that you don’t have to swab a guys penis is appealing to men

71
Q

Neisseria gonnorheae: treatment, control, prevention

A

no protective immunity after infection and no vaccine

prevent/control: sex ed, reg check ups

tx: abc but resistance is an issue

72
Q

Neisseria gonnorheae: effector system?

A

sexually transmitted dz

73
Q

p. aeringosa: type and characteristics

A

opportunistic infection; polar flagella, aerobic and oxidative, simple nutritional req, produce green pigment

74
Q

p. aeringosa: virulence

A

endotoxin, exocellular enzymes - inhibit prot synthesis - exotoxin A, exoenzyme S

75
Q

y. pestis

A

bubonic plague

76
Q

y. pestis stain

A

bipolar

77
Q

y. pestis virulance

A

pili, antiphagocytic proteins (yops, Fra-1); serum resistance; Pla - break clot, Low Ca++ response, get Fe++ easily to grow

78
Q

y. pestis transmission

A

rodents - fleas - reguritate clot on a person -

p2p via droplet.

79
Q

y. pestis s+s

A

60% to nodes, bubo

30% to lungs (cough blood) via blood

80
Q

y. pestis: tx, control, prevent

A

tx- ?

control- surveillance of rodents

prevent: avoid flea bites, barrier protection when handling animals at risk, immunize those are risk

81
Q

which of the gram negative organisms are NOT p2p?

A

legionella

82
Q

which gram negative organisms are facultative parasites?

A

legionella, salmonella

83
Q

shape of: legionella, salmonella, shigella, gonnorhea, aerugonisa, pestis?

A

legionella: short bacilli or coccobacilli
salmonella: faculative baccilus
shigella; faculative baccilus
n. gonnorhea: diplococci
p. aeruginosa: straight baccilus
y. pestis: cooco-baccilus

84
Q

endotoxin v. exotoxin

A

endotoxin: gram negative, heat stable, LPS, nonspecific
exotoxin: postive and negative, heat labile, specific target on host

85
Q

sylvatic plague

A

wild rodents

86
Q

urban plague

A

urban rodents

Microbiology Exam 1 (6 decks)

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