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Microbiology Final > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

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1
Q

Blastomyces Dermatitidis Basics

Type, geography, niche, route of infection

A

Type: primary systemic dimorphic fungi

Geography: NA (Ohio, MI river valley), Africa, SW Asia

Niche: soil, woody plants, decaying matter

Route of infection: inhale conidia, inoculate with soil or dog bite

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2
Q

Blastomyces Dermatitidis Infection

A

Pulmonary blastomycosis: can be asymptomatic or resemble flu like illness or pneumonia

Chronic cutaneous mycosis

Uncommon among people with AIDS r immunocompromised > if it does occur, it will involve the CNS

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3
Q

Blastomyces Dermatitidis Laboratory

A

Broad-based budding yeast in microscope examination

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4
Q

Coccidioides immitis/posadasii Basics

A

Type: primary systemic dimorphic fungi
Geography: SW USA, Mexican, Central/South America
Niche: soil, dust, bat and rodent droppings
Transmission: inhaling arthroconidia

C. immitis is primarily in California, any other cases is likely C. posadasii

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5
Q

Coccidioides immitis/posadasii Infection

A

Valley Fever
Cough, fever, aches, pneumonia
Rash, painful nodules, meningitis
Relapses possible

Risks: HIV, males

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6
Q

Coccidioides immitis/posadasii Laboratory

A

Spherules with endospores

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7
Q

Histoplasma Capsulatum Basics

A

Type: primary systemic dimorphic fungi
Geography: Eastern USA (Ohio + MI River Valleys), Mexico, C + S. America, Africa, Asia, Austrailia
Niche: bird/bat droppings, soil
Transmission: inhaling microconidia

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8
Q

Hisptoplasma Capsulatum Infection

A

Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis
Reactivation common in immunosuppressed

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9
Q

Histoplasma Capsulatum Laboratory

A

Narrow-based budding yeast
Intracellular, within macrophages

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10
Q

Talaromyces Marneffei Basics

A

Type: primary systemic dimorphic fungi

Geography: Asia

Niche: bamboo rats, soil

Transmission: inhale conidia, eating bamboo rat, trauma

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11
Q

Talaromyces Marneffei Infection

A

Very bad for HIV infected people
Resembles histoplasmosis, pulmonary symptoms
Disseminated infection of skin, soft tissue, viscera

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12
Q

Talaromyces Marneffei Laboratory

A

Elliptical fission yeast that are intracellular

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13
Q

Candidiasis

Mostly C. albicans

A

Opportunistic yeast
Can be endogenous or exogenous
Found in hospital care settings
Infection in any organ system

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14
Q

Cryptococcus Neoformans Basics

A

Type: opportunistic
Geography: worldwide
Niche: soil with pigeon droppings
Transmission: inhaling cells

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15
Q

Cryptococcus Neoformans Infection

A

More severe in immunocompromised, AIDS
Pneumonic or CNS infection
Disseminated disease: skin leasions, ocular infections

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16
Q

Cryptococcus Neoformans Laboratory

A

Encapsulated budding yeast in the CSF
Direct detection of polysaccharide capsule antium in serum or CSF

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17
Q

Cryptococcus Gatii Differences from C. neoformans

A

Location: Pacific NW, Oregon, Washington, or Southeast US

Niche: wood materials

Infections: infects those even without HIV, stays pulmonary and doesn’t progress to CNS

Treatments: longer, more aggressive

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18
Q

Aspergillus Basics

A

Type: opportunistic mold
Geography: worldwide
Niche: air, soil, decaying matter
Transmission: inhaling conidia
Risks: immunocompromised, transplant patients, hospital patients

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19
Q

Aspergillus Infection

A

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: non invasive wheezing and coughing

Sinusitis

Invasive aspergillosis: high mortality in immunocompromised and cystic fibrosis patients

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20
Q

Aspergillus Laboratory

A

45 degree branching hyphae
Invasive disease: immunoassay
Blood cultures is rare

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21
Q

Microsporidia Basics

A

Type: opportunistic spore forming mold
Geography: worldwide
Transmission: ingestion or inhalation of spores, ocular, sexual possible
Risks: AIDS, immunocomp.

22
Q

Microsporidia Infection

A

Double infections with cryptosporidium

Diarrhea most common: E. bieneusi, E. intestinalis

Disseminated ocular, neurological, UTI, pulmonary: E. cuniculi, E. hellem

23
Q

Microsporidia Laboratory

A

Stool, CSF, urine (used to be a parasite, now a fungi)

24
Q

Mucormycosis Basics

A

Type: opportunistic mold
Geography: worldwide
Transmission: inhalation, ingestion, contamination of wounds
Niche: soil, decaying vegetation, bread mold
Most common: rhizopus, mucor, licthemia

25
Q

Mucormycosis Infection

A

Acute and rapidly progressing, high mortality
Rhinocerebral mucormycosis: nasal cavity and facial structures, CNS infection, bad in people with diabetes
Pulmonary mucormycosis: neutropenic, misdiagnosed as aspergillus
Cutaneous mucormycosis: hematogenous dissemination, after traumatic injury or surgery
GI mucormycosis: in young children
Disseminated mucormycosis: brain and heart

26
Q

Mucormycosis Laboratory

A

Broad, aseptate hyphae
Nasal scrapings, sinus aspirates, tissues, biopsy material

27
Q

Hyalohyphomycosis Basics

A

Type: opportunistic hyaline mold
Geography: worldwide
Transmission: construction, building demolitions, hospital acquired
Niche: laboratory environment, saprobes

28
Q

Hyalohyphomycosis Infection

A

Immunocompromised
Fusarium: mycotic keratitis - grayish white lesion in the eye

29
Q

Hyalohyphomycosis Laboratory

A

More positive blood cultures unlike Aspergillus

30
Q

Phaehyphomycosis General

A

Type: opportunistic dematiaceous mold
Geography: worldwide
Niche: everywhere in nature

Infection: disseminated or in lungs, sinuses, CNS, immunocompromised

31
Q

Pneumocystis Jiroveci Basics

A

Type: opportunistic yeast-like
Geography: worldwide
Niche: human/animal
Transmission: inhalation or person-person

32
Q

Pneumocystis Jiroveci Infection

A

Most common opportunistic infection in people with AIDS

Pneumonia, pneumocystosis

33
Q

Pneumocystis Jiroveci Laboratory

A

Ground glass appearance
Examine bronchial lavage fluid, sputum, lung biopsy
Cysts in lungs

34
Q

Malassezia Furfur Basics

A

Type: superficial yeast-like
Geography: worldwide, tropics/subtropics
Niche: common skin colonizer

35
Q

Malassezia Furfur Infection

A

Pityriasis versicolor: abnormal pigmentation usually on trunk, shoulders, arms, with exposure to sunlight, interfere with melanin production

Lipid loving: dandruff

36
Q

Malassezia Furfur Laboratory

A

Spaghetti and meatballs
Fluorescence with Wood’s lamp

37
Q

Trichosporon Basics

A

Type: superficial yeast
Geography: worldwide, sub/tropics
Niche: soil, sometimes normal biota, poor hygiene

38
Q

Trichosporon Infection

A

White piedra: mycelial mat on hair and scalp

Can become invasive: cancer patients, hematological disease, invasive medical procedures > pneumonia, UTIs, meningitis, lesions, organ abscesses

Second most common disseminated yeast infection after Candida

39
Q

Trichosporon Laboratory

A

Arthroconidia and pseudohyphae

40
Q

Dermatophytoses Basics

transmission, animal vs human

A

Type: cutaneous molds

Transmission: infected host to uninfected host

Anthropophilic (human): chronic, less severe infections, harder to cure

Zoophilic (animal) and geophilic (soil): more intense infection, easier to cure

41
Q

Dermatophytoses Infection

A

Tinea or ringworm
Trichophyton rubum, tonsurans, mentagrophytes: hair, skin, nails
Epidermophyton floccosum: skin, nails
Microsporum canis: skin, hair (found in cats)

T. mentagrophytes (found in rodents), and T. rubrum most common

42
Q

Dermatophytoses Laboratory

A

Fungal hyphae in skin, hair, nails
Microsporum fluoresces

43
Q

Sporothrix Schenckii Basics

A

Type: subcutaneous dimorphic
Geography: Japan, N + S. America
Niche: soil, decaying vegetation
Transmission: puncture with contaminated material, armadillos, infected cats

44
Q

Sporothrix Schenckii Infection

A

Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis
Starts as small, hard, black, nodule
Progresses to a linear chain of painless nodules extending the course of lymphatic system

Can be disseminated in immunocompromised or diabetic

45
Q

Sporothrix Schenckii Laboratory

A

Culture infected pus or tissue

46
Q

Chromoblastomycosis Basics

A

Type: subcutaneous
Geography: tropics, moist
Niche: soil, organic matter
Transmission: puncture, legs and arms
Agent: Fonsacaea sp.

47
Q

Chromoblastomycosis Infection

A

Risk: barefoot

Ringworm like lesion, cauliflower appearance, develops after several years, sclerotic bodies, no discomfort, odor

48
Q

Chromoblastomycosis Laboratory

A

Skin scraping or biopsy

49
Q

Eumycotic Mycetoma Basics

A

Type: subcutaneous
Geography: tropical, low rainfall, Southwest US, Mexico
Niche: soil, organic matter
Transmission: puncture, foot and hand
Agents: Pseudallescheria boydii, Scedosporium

50
Q

Eumycotic Mycetoma Infection

A

Starts with small, painless, subcutaneous nodules with granules and fluid, has a sinus track as it travels, breaches and destroys local tissue and bone

51
Q

Eumycotic Mycetoma Laboratory

A

Grains or granules in pus, tissue examination

May require amputation

Microbiology Final (4 decks)

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