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Microbiology Final > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

Blastomyces Dermatitidis Basics

Type, geography, niche, route of infection

A

Type: primary systemic dimorphic fungi

Geography: NA (Ohio, MI river valley), Africa, SW Asia

Niche: soil, woody plants, decaying matter

Route of infection: inhale conidia, inoculate with soil or dog bite

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2
Q

Blastomyces Dermatitidis Infection

A

Pulmonary blastomycosis: can be asymptomatic or resemble flu like illness or pneumonia

Chronic cutaneous mycosis

Uncommon among people with AIDS r immunocompromised > if it does occur, it will involve the CNS

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3
Q

Blastomyces Dermatitidis Laboratory

A

Broad-based budding yeast in microscope examination

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4
Q

Coccidioides immitis/posadasii Basics

A

Type: primary systemic dimorphic fungi
Geography: SW USA, Mexican, Central/South America
Niche: soil, dust, bat and rodent droppings
Transmission: inhaling arthroconidia

C. immitis is primarily in California, any other cases is likely C. posadasii

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5
Q

Coccidioides immitis/posadasii Infection

A

Valley Fever
Cough, fever, aches, pneumonia
Rash, painful nodules, meningitis
Relapses possible

Risks: HIV, males

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6
Q

Coccidioides immitis/posadasii Laboratory

A

Spherules with endospores

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7
Q

Histoplasma Capsulatum Basics

A

Type: primary systemic dimorphic fungi
Geography: Eastern USA (Ohio + MI River Valleys), Mexico, C + S. America, Africa, Asia, Austrailia
Niche: bird/bat droppings, soil
Transmission: inhaling microconidia

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8
Q

Hisptoplasma Capsulatum Infection

A

Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis
Reactivation common in immunosuppressed

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9
Q

Histoplasma Capsulatum Laboratory

A

Narrow-based budding yeast
Intracellular, within macrophages

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10
Q

Talaromyces Marneffei Basics

A

Type: primary systemic dimorphic fungi

Geography: Asia

Niche: bamboo rats, soil

Transmission: inhale conidia, eating bamboo rat, trauma

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11
Q

Talaromyces Marneffei Infection

A

Very bad for HIV infected people
Resembles histoplasmosis, pulmonary symptoms
Disseminated infection of skin, soft tissue, viscera

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12
Q

Talaromyces Marneffei Laboratory

A

Elliptical fission yeast that are intracellular

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13
Q

Candidiasis

Mostly C. albicans

A

Opportunistic yeast
Can be endogenous or exogenous
Found in hospital care settings
Infection in any organ system

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14
Q

Cryptococcus Neoformans Basics

A

Type: opportunistic
Geography: worldwide
Niche: soil with pigeon droppings
Transmission: inhaling cells

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15
Q

Cryptococcus Neoformans Infection

A

More severe in immunocompromised, AIDS
Pneumonic or CNS infection
Disseminated disease: skin leasions, ocular infections

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16
Q

Cryptococcus Neoformans Laboratory

A

Encapsulated budding yeast in the CSF
Direct detection of polysaccharide capsule antium in serum or CSF

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17
Q

Cryptococcus Gatii Differences from C. neoformans

A

Location: Pacific NW, Oregon, Washington, or Southeast US

Niche: wood materials

Infections: infects those even without HIV, stays pulmonary and doesn’t progress to CNS

Treatments: longer, more aggressive

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18
Q

Aspergillus Basics

A

Type: opportunistic mold
Geography: worldwide
Niche: air, soil, decaying matter
Transmission: inhaling conidia
Risks: immunocompromised, transplant patients, hospital patients

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19
Q

Aspergillus Infection

A

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: non invasive wheezing and coughing

Sinusitis

Invasive aspergillosis: high mortality in immunocompromised and cystic fibrosis patients

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20
Q

Aspergillus Laboratory

A

45 degree branching hyphae
Invasive disease: immunoassay
Blood cultures is rare

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21
Q

Microsporidia Basics

A

Type: opportunistic spore forming mold
Geography: worldwide
Transmission: ingestion or inhalation of spores, ocular, sexual possible
Risks: AIDS, immunocomp.

22
Q

Microsporidia Infection

A

Double infections with cryptosporidium

Diarrhea most common: E. bieneusi, E. intestinalis

Disseminated ocular, neurological, UTI, pulmonary: E. cuniculi, E. hellem

23
Q

Microsporidia Laboratory

A

Stool, CSF, urine (used to be a parasite, now a fungi)

24
Q

Mucormycosis Basics

A

Type: opportunistic mold
Geography: worldwide
Transmission: inhalation, ingestion, contamination of wounds
Niche: soil, decaying vegetation, bread mold
Most common: rhizopus, mucor, licthemia

25
Mucormycosis Infection
Acute and rapidly progressing, high mortality **Rhinocerebral mucormycosis:** nasal cavity and facial structures, CNS infection, bad in people with diabetes **Pulmonary mucormycosis:** neutropenic, misdiagnosed as aspergillus **Cutaneous mucormycosis:** hematogenous dissemination, after traumatic injury or surgery **GI mucormycosis:** in young children **Disseminated mucormycosis:** brain and heart
26
Mucormycosis Laboratory
**Broad, aseptate hyphae** Nasal scrapings, sinus aspirates, tissues, biopsy material
27
Hyalohyphomycosis Basics
Type: opportunistic hyaline mold Geography: worldwide Transmission: construction, building demolitions, hospital acquired Niche: laboratory environment, saprobes
28
Hyalohyphomycosis Infection
Immunocompromised **Fusarium:** mycotic keratitis - grayish white lesion in the eye
29
Hyalohyphomycosis Laboratory
More positive blood cultures unlike Aspergillus
30
Phaehyphomycosis General
Type: opportunistic dematiaceous mold Geography: worldwide Niche: everywhere in nature Infection: disseminated or in lungs, sinuses, CNS, immunocompromised
31
Pneumocystis Jiroveci Basics
Type: opportunistic yeast-like Geography: worldwide Niche: human/animal Transmission: inhalation or person-person
32
Pneumocystis Jiroveci Infection
Most common opportunistic infection in people with AIDS Pneumonia, pneumocystosis
33
Pneumocystis Jiroveci Laboratory
**Ground glass appearance** Examine bronchial lavage fluid, sputum, lung biopsy **Cysts in lungs**
34
Malassezia Furfur Basics
Type: superficial yeast-like Geography: worldwide, tropics/subtropics Niche: common skin colonizer
35
Malassezia Furfur Infection
Pityriasis versicolor: abnormal pigmentation usually on trunk, shoulders, arms, with exposure to sunlight, interfere with melanin production Lipid loving: dandruff
36
Malassezia Furfur Laboratory
**Spaghetti and meatballs** Fluorescence with Wood's lamp
37
Trichosporon Basics
Type: superficial yeast Geography: worldwide, sub/tropics Niche: soil, sometimes normal biota, poor hygiene
38
Trichosporon Infection
White piedra: mycelial mat on hair and scalp Can become invasive: cancer patients, hematological disease, invasive medical procedures > pneumonia, UTIs, meningitis, lesions, organ abscesses *Second most common disseminated yeast infection after Candida*
39
Trichosporon Laboratory
**Arthroconidia and pseudohyphae**
40
Dermatophytoses Basics | transmission, animal vs human
Type: cutaneous molds Transmission: infected host to uninfected host Anthropophilic (human): chronic, less severe infections, harder to cure Zoophilic (animal) and geophilic (soil): more intense infection, easier to cure
41
Dermatophytoses Infection
Tinea or ringworm **Trichophyton rubum, tonsurans, mentagrophytes:** hair, skin, nails **Epidermophyton floccosum:** skin, nails **Microsporum canis:** skin, hair (found in cats) | T. mentagrophytes (found in rodents), and T. rubrum most common
42
Dermatophytoses Laboratory
Fungal hyphae in skin, hair, nails Microsporum fluoresces
43
Sporothrix Schenckii Basics
Type: subcutaneous dimorphic Geography: Japan, N + S. America Niche: soil, decaying vegetation Transmission: puncture with contaminated material, armadillos, infected cats
44
Sporothrix Schenckii Infection
**Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis** Starts as small, hard, black, nodule Progresses to a linear chain of painless nodules extending the course of lymphatic system Can be disseminated in immunocompromised or diabetic
45
Sporothrix Schenckii Laboratory
Culture infected pus or tissue
46
Chromoblastomycosis Basics
Type: subcutaneous Geography: tropics, moist Niche: soil, organic matter Transmission: puncture, legs and arms Agent: Fonsacaea sp.
47
Chromoblastomycosis Infection
Risk: barefoot Ringworm like lesion, **cauliflower appearance**, develops after several years, **sclerotic bodies**, no discomfort, odor
48
Chromoblastomycosis Laboratory
Skin scraping or biopsy
49
Eumycotic Mycetoma Basics
Type: subcutaneous Geography: tropical, low rainfall, Southwest US, Mexico Niche: soil, organic matter Transmission: puncture, foot and hand Agents: Pseudallescheria boydii, Scedosporium
50
Eumycotic Mycetoma Infection
Starts with small, painless, subcutaneous nodules with granules and fluid, has a sinus track as it travels, breaches and destroys local tissue and bone
51
Eumycotic Mycetoma Laboratory
Grains or granules in pus, tissue examination May require amputation

Microbiology Final (4 decks)

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