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MICROBIOLOGY > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

Mycology

A

study of fungi

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2
Q

characteristic of fungi

A

AEO
Achlorophyllous
Eukartoytes
Obligate aerobe

inhibit soil, water, decaying organic debris

part of the plant kingdom but w/o roots and stems and are referred to as THALLOPHYTES

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3
Q

Eukartoytes

A

true nucleus with nuclear membrane

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4
Q

Achlorophyllous

A

lack chlorophyl, nourishment must come from env.

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5
Q

Obligate aerobe

A

need oxygen for growth, grow best in neutral pH (7P

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6
Q

Where is chitin located

A

cell wall

resembles keratin in function

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7
Q

Where is sterol/ ergosterol located

A

cell membrane

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8
Q

fundamental unit

A

hyphae - tube like structure

when many hyphae is joined together = mycelium

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9
Q

reproductive structure

A

spores –> produced either sexually or asexually

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10
Q

2 basic morphologic forms

A

yeast and mold

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11
Q

does fungi lack susceptibility to antibiotics? true or false

A

TRUE

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12
Q

what kind of infection do they cause

A

mild infection, but some can trigger allergic reactions like asthma and some may produce life threatening diseases

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13
Q

are they cultivable/ culturable?

A

YES

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14
Q

YEAST

A

unicellular

single vegetative cells

produce colonies that are moist, creamy, opaque and pasty

reproduce asexually by budding - “blastoconidia” (asexual spores)

grows at 35-37C

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15
Q

WHAT IS USED TO IDENTIFY YEAST

A

Biochem test/ physiological test

because most species have similar microscopic and colonial appearance

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16
Q

MOLD

A

filamentous form
multicellular

colonies are fluffy, cottony, wooly and powder
—> mycelium is responsible for wooly appearance

grows at 25-30C

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17
Q

2 types or hyphae

A

arial & vegetative

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18
Q

Arial hyphae

A

above colony surface - fuzzy appearance

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19
Q

Vegetative hyphae

A

penetrates medium and absorbes nutrients

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20
Q

yeast or mold only

A

Monomorphic fungi

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21
Q

existing as both yeast and mold

A

Dimorphic fungi

can be temperature dependent = THERMALLY DIMORPHIC

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22
Q

not thermally dimorphic

A

Coccidoides immitsis

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23
Q

Coenocytic; no cross walls or divisions

A

ASEPTATE

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24
Q

with cross walls

A

SEPTATE

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25
All hyphae are septated except?
ZYGOMYCETS -> asceptate
26
spiral hyphae
trichophyton mentagrophytes
27
broken comb; pectinate body
Microsproum audouinii
28
nodular bodies/ organs
microsprum canis
29
club shape areas: racquet hyphae
epidermophyton floccosum
30
free hyphae; antler hyphae; favic chandelier
trychophyton schoenleinii
31
medical term for fungal infection
mycoses superficial cutaneous subcutaneous systematic and opportunistic
32
most agents of fungal infections are classified int o 4 groups? true or false
TRUE ``` DABZ zygomyctoa ascomycota basidiomycota deuteromycota ```
33
Zygomycota
conjugation fungi usually found in soil and often opportunistic pathogens sexual reproduction - zygospores asexual reproduction - sporangiospores MAR > mucor > absidia > rhizopus
34
ascomycota
sac fungi sexual reproduction - ascospores asexual reproduction - conidia (micro ¯o) Microsporum trichophyton
35
basiciomycota
club fungi sexual reproduction - basidiospores asexual reproduction - uncommon C. neoformans
36
deuteromycota
imperfect fungi/ fungi imperfecti sexual reproduction - has not been observed asexual reproduction - conidia MOST AGENST ARE UNDER THIS PAA Penicillium Aspergillus Alternaria
37
spores resulting from the union 2 undifferentiated/identical cells
zygospores
38
spores formed within a sporangium
sporangiospores
39
spores produced within a sac like structure (ascus)
ascospores
40
spores formed within a club shaped structure (basidium)
basidiospores
41
Fungal infections affecting the outermost layer of the skin
superficial; only the cornified layers (stratum corneum) of the epidermis
42
how are superficial mycoses transmitted
direct contact
43
is there an immune response in superficial mycoses?
NO
44
3 types of superficial mycoses
tinea versicolor tinea nigra piedra (white & black)
45
tinea versicolor
aka pityriasis versicolor discoloration/ dispigmentation of the skin; can be very apparent with those of dark complexion
46
fungal agent of tinea versicolor
Malassezia furfur
47
lab diagnosis of tinea versicolor
budding yeast (spaghetti with meatball appearance) under the microscope --> through the examination of skin scrapings from lesions + KOH observation of yellow fluoresence using wood's lamp
48
Black piedra
common in tropical area fungal infection affecting the hairs of the scalp
49
White piedra
common in temperate regions fungal infection affecting the genital hair, facial hair and scalp hair
50
fungal agent of black piedra
piedrala hortae
51
fungal agent of white piedra
trichosporon belgelli
52
lab diagnosis of black piedra
specimen: infected hairshaft visualization of thick walled rhomboid cells containing ascospores slow growth on SDA of brown colonies
53
lab diagnosis of white piedra
specimen: infected hairshaft rapid growth on SDA of straw to cream colored colonies uses other test for specimen identification: urease positivity assimilation of sugars absence CHO fermentation
54
tinea nigra
characterized by the development of black to brown patches on the palms of the hands and soles on the feet
55
fungal agent of tinea nigra
hortea werneckii
56
lab diagnosis of tinea nigra
specimen: skin scrapings visualization of septate hyphal elements and budding yeast shiny, moist, yeast like colonies that start of as brown then turns olive to greenish black
57
formation of nodules on the hair shaft
piedra
58
cutaneous mycoses
aka dermatophytoses fungal infections affecting the keratinized tissues KERATINOPHILIC, they are able to break down keratin as nitrogen source reproduce asexually - macroconidia and microconidia
59
3 causes of cutaneous mycoses
MET microsporum epidermophyton trichiphyton
60
affecting only the hair and skin; rarely the nails
microsporum
61
affecting only the skin and nails, rarely hair
epidermophyton
62
affecting all hair, skin and nails
trichophyton
63
2 reproductive cells produced by dermatohpytes
macroconidia and microconidia
64
what to note when identifying species of cutaneous mycoses
size, shape and surface features of macro and micro conidia
65
most common cutaneous fungal infection of humans
tinea or ringworm
66
diseases caused by dermatophytes
TGBOTG - the girl & boy overlook the germ ``` tinea favosa/favus graypatch ringworm blot dot ringworm onchomycosis tinea pedis gray patch tinea capitis ```
67
tinea favosa/favus
causes infection in hair follicle --> causes alopecia if left untreated caused by trichiphyton schoenleinii
68
graypatch ringworm
common childhood disease caused by microsporum audouinii & microsprum ferrugineum CAN CAUSE TINEA CAPITIS
69
blot dot ringworm
initially develops in the hair follicle then in the hair shaft trichophyton tonsuran and trychophyton violacuem CAN CAUSE TINEA CAPITIS
70
onchomycosis
affects the nails 3TE trychophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophyres, T.sonsurans and Epidermophyton floccosum
71
tinea pedis
athletes foot T. mentagrophyres
72
gray patch tinea capitis
leading cause of scalpinfection microsporum audouinii
73
to detect cutaneous mycoses we look for?
note for colony appearance on plated media observe for macro and micro conidia undermicroscope
74
what is not capable of cause microconidia?
Epidermophyton floccosum
75
Epidermophyton floccosum
smooth walled, macroconidia BEAVER TAIL
76
Epidermophyton floccosum colony morphology
yellow-yellow tan, flat with feathered edges and remain in small in diameter, KHAKI colored colonies
77
Microsporon canis
large spindle shaped macroconidia, with echinolate walls

MICROBIOLOGY (9 decks)

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