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MICROBIOLOGY > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Mycology

A

study of fungi

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2
Q

characteristic of fungi

A

AEO
Achlorophyllous
Eukartoytes
Obligate aerobe

inhibit soil, water, decaying organic debris

part of the plant kingdom but w/o roots and stems and are referred to as THALLOPHYTES

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3
Q

Eukartoytes

A

true nucleus with nuclear membrane

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4
Q

Achlorophyllous

A

lack chlorophyl, nourishment must come from env.

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5
Q

Obligate aerobe

A

need oxygen for growth, grow best in neutral pH (7P

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6
Q

Where is chitin located

A

cell wall

resembles keratin in function

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7
Q

Where is sterol/ ergosterol located

A

cell membrane

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8
Q

fundamental unit

A

hyphae - tube like structure

when many hyphae is joined together = mycelium

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9
Q

reproductive structure

A

spores –> produced either sexually or asexually

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10
Q

2 basic morphologic forms

A

yeast and mold

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11
Q

does fungi lack susceptibility to antibiotics? true or false

A

TRUE

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12
Q

what kind of infection do they cause

A

mild infection, but some can trigger allergic reactions like asthma and some may produce life threatening diseases

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13
Q

are they cultivable/ culturable?

A

YES

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14
Q

YEAST

A

unicellular

single vegetative cells

produce colonies that are moist, creamy, opaque and pasty

reproduce asexually by budding - “blastoconidia” (asexual spores)

grows at 35-37C

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15
Q

WHAT IS USED TO IDENTIFY YEAST

A

Biochem test/ physiological test

because most species have similar microscopic and colonial appearance

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16
Q

MOLD

A

filamentous form
multicellular

colonies are fluffy, cottony, wooly and powder
—> mycelium is responsible for wooly appearance

grows at 25-30C

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17
Q

2 types or hyphae

A

arial & vegetative

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18
Q

Arial hyphae

A

above colony surface - fuzzy appearance

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19
Q

Vegetative hyphae

A

penetrates medium and absorbes nutrients

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20
Q

yeast or mold only

A

Monomorphic fungi

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21
Q

existing as both yeast and mold

A

Dimorphic fungi

can be temperature dependent = THERMALLY DIMORPHIC

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22
Q

not thermally dimorphic

A

Coccidoides immitsis

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23
Q

Coenocytic; no cross walls or divisions

A

ASEPTATE

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24
Q

with cross walls

A

SEPTATE

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25
Q

All hyphae are septated except?

A

ZYGOMYCETS -> asceptate

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26
Q

spiral hyphae

A

trichophyton mentagrophytes

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27
Q

broken comb; pectinate body

A

Microsproum audouinii

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28
Q

nodular bodies/ organs

A

microsprum canis

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29
Q

club shape areas: racquet hyphae

A

epidermophyton floccosum

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30
Q

free hyphae; antler hyphae; favic chandelier

A

trychophyton schoenleinii

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31
Q

medical term for fungal infection

A

mycoses

superficial
cutaneous
subcutaneous
systematic and opportunistic

32
Q

most agents of fungal infections are classified int o 4 groups? true or false

A

TRUE

DABZ
zygomyctoa
ascomycota
basidiomycota 
deuteromycota
33
Q

Zygomycota

A

conjugation fungi

usually found in soil and often opportunistic pathogens

sexual reproduction - zygospores
asexual reproduction - sporangiospores

MAR
> mucor
> absidia
> rhizopus

34
Q

ascomycota

A

sac fungi

sexual reproduction - ascospores
asexual reproduction - conidia (micro &macro)

Microsporum trichophyton

35
Q

basiciomycota

A

club fungi

sexual reproduction - basidiospores
asexual reproduction - uncommon

C. neoformans

36
Q

deuteromycota

A

imperfect fungi/ fungi imperfecti

sexual reproduction - has not been observed
asexual reproduction - conidia

MOST AGENST ARE UNDER THIS

PAA
Penicillium
Aspergillus
Alternaria

37
Q

spores resulting from the union 2 undifferentiated/identical cells

A

zygospores

38
Q

spores formed within a sporangium

A

sporangiospores

39
Q

spores produced within a sac like structure (ascus)

A

ascospores

40
Q

spores formed within a club shaped structure (basidium)

A

basidiospores

41
Q

Fungal infections affecting the outermost layer of the skin

A

superficial; only the cornified layers (stratum corneum) of the epidermis

42
Q

how are superficial mycoses transmitted

A

direct contact

43
Q

is there an immune response in superficial mycoses?

A

NO

44
Q

3 types of superficial mycoses

A

tinea versicolor
tinea nigra
piedra (white & black)

45
Q

tinea versicolor

A

aka pityriasis versicolor

discoloration/ dispigmentation of the skin; can be very apparent with those of dark complexion

46
Q

fungal agent of tinea versicolor

A

Malassezia furfur

47
Q

lab diagnosis of tinea versicolor

A

budding yeast (spaghetti with meatball appearance) under the microscope –> through the examination of skin scrapings from lesions + KOH

observation of yellow fluoresence using wood’s lamp

48
Q

Black piedra

A

common in tropical area

fungal infection affecting the hairs of the scalp

49
Q

White piedra

A

common in temperate regions

fungal infection affecting the genital hair, facial hair and scalp hair

50
Q

fungal agent of black piedra

A

piedrala hortae

51
Q

fungal agent of white piedra

A

trichosporon belgelli

52
Q

lab diagnosis of black piedra

A

specimen: infected hairshaft

visualization of thick walled rhomboid cells containing ascospores

slow growth on SDA of brown colonies

53
Q

lab diagnosis of white piedra

A

specimen: infected hairshaft

rapid growth on SDA of straw to cream colored colonies

uses other test for specimen identification:
urease positivity assimilation of sugars
absence CHO fermentation

54
Q

tinea nigra

A

characterized by the development of black to brown patches on the palms of the hands and soles on the feet

55
Q

fungal agent of tinea nigra

A

hortea werneckii

56
Q

lab diagnosis of tinea nigra

A

specimen: skin scrapings

visualization of septate hyphal elements and budding yeast

shiny, moist, yeast like colonies that start of as brown then turns olive to greenish black

57
Q

formation of nodules on the hair shaft

A

piedra

58
Q

cutaneous mycoses

A

aka dermatophytoses

fungal infections affecting the keratinized tissues

KERATINOPHILIC, they are able to break down keratin as nitrogen source

reproduce asexually - macroconidia and microconidia

59
Q

3 causes of cutaneous mycoses

A

MET

microsporum
epidermophyton
trichiphyton

60
Q

affecting only the hair and skin; rarely the nails

A

microsporum

61
Q

affecting only the skin and nails, rarely hair

A

epidermophyton

62
Q

affecting all hair, skin and nails

A

trichophyton

63
Q

2 reproductive cells produced by dermatohpytes

A

macroconidia and microconidia

64
Q

what to note when identifying species of cutaneous mycoses

A

size, shape and surface features of macro and micro conidia

65
Q

most common cutaneous fungal infection of humans

A

tinea or ringworm

66
Q

diseases caused by dermatophytes

A

TGBOTG - the girl & boy overlook the germ

tinea favosa/favus
graypatch ringworm
blot dot ringworm 
onchomycosis
tinea pedis
gray patch tinea capitis
67
Q

tinea favosa/favus

A

causes infection in hair follicle –> causes alopecia if left untreated

caused by trichiphyton schoenleinii

68
Q

graypatch ringworm

A

common childhood disease

caused by microsporum audouinii & microsprum ferrugineum

CAN CAUSE TINEA CAPITIS

69
Q

blot dot ringworm

A

initially develops in the hair follicle then in the hair shaft

trichophyton tonsuran and trychophyton violacuem

CAN CAUSE TINEA CAPITIS

70
Q

onchomycosis

A

affects the nails

3TE
trychophyton rubrum,
T. mentagrophyres, T.sonsurans and Epidermophyton floccosum

71
Q

tinea pedis

A

athletes foot

T. mentagrophyres

72
Q

gray patch tinea capitis

A

leading cause of scalpinfection

microsporum audouinii

73
Q

to detect cutaneous mycoses we look for?

A

note for colony appearance on plated media

observe for macro and micro conidia undermicroscope

74
Q

what is not capable of cause microconidia?

A

Epidermophyton floccosum

75
Q

Epidermophyton floccosum

A

smooth walled, macroconidia

BEAVER TAIL

76
Q

Epidermophyton floccosum colony morphology

A

yellow-yellow tan, flat with feathered edges and remain in small in diameter, KHAKI colored colonies

77
Q

Microsporon canis

A

large spindle shaped macroconidia, with echinolate walls

MICROBIOLOGY (9 decks)

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