My World Social Studies - Chapter 3 Flashcards
Why did Spain want to conquer and settle in the Americas?
The rulers: to gain wealth and power.
The Catholic Church: they hoped to persuade Native people to accept the Catholic faith.
Where did the Spaniards settle first?
In what is today Mexico.
Who was living in Mexico when Spain conquered it?
The Aztecs.
What was the name of the city the Spaniards settled in?
New Spain.
What was New Spain rich in and how did they get it?
New Spain was rich in gold and silver. The Spaniards made the Native Americans do all the hard mining work.
What other activities (apart from mining) were important in New Spain?
Ranching and Farming.
How much control did the Spaniards have over the Native Americans?
The settlers were supposed to protect and care for native people and teach them Christianity. The natives were expected to repay the settlers with free labor, gold, silver and other goods. Native Americans had very little control over their lives.
Describe the Class Structure in New Spain.
Native Americans and slaves from Africa: Bottom of the class structure. Mestizos: The largest class. They were people who were of mixed Spanish and Native American background. Creoles: People born in New Spain to Spanish parents. Peninsulares: Spaniards born in Spain. They had the most important government and church positions.
Describe the foundation of St. Augustine
In 1565, Spain attacked the French fort in Jacksonville and destroyed it. They built they’re own fort a little further south and called it St. Augustine. It is the oldest European settlement in America.
Why and who saved St. Augustine?
Goncalo Menendez de Canco convinced the Spanish government that the fort protected both lives and property, so the Spanish decided not to abandon the settlement.
What were the soldiers in St. Augustine in charge of?
They protect the shipping from the Americas to Spain and they also protected the missionaries.
What were the goals of the missions?
- To teach Native Americans the Catholic religion.
2. To introduce Native Americans to the Spanish way of life.
How was the relationship between the Spanish settlers and the Native Americans at the beginning?
The Spanish settlers needed depended on Native Americans to survive. They needed them to give them food and labor. So the Spanish gave the native leaders many gifts and let them rule their own people. In return, the Native leaders let missionaries teach their religion and let the Timucuas work on Spanish farms.
Did Spain build other missions and forts in the US?
Yes, in the 1700’s they founded colonies in what is now Texas, California and other parts of the southwestern United States.
In what way did the contact of the Spaniards harm the Native Americans?
- Disease: illness carried by Spaniards wiped out entire Native American communities.
- Harsh treatment.
- Overwork.
- Missionaries used force to change the way Native Americans lived, worked and worshiped.
What did the Native Americans do to rebel against the Spaniards?
They were a few rebellions of the NA against the Spaniards.
- 1650 in Florida.
- 1680 in Pueblo (present day New Mexico) left 400 Spaniards dead and forced the remaining Spaniards to leave the area.
Who was the first Englishman to send an exploring party to US? What year?
Sir Walter Raleigh in 1584.
Where did the first exploring party land? How did they call it?
North Carolina. They called it Virginia.
Why did the first colonists return to England?
NA helped them with the food, but there was a drought and the NA stopped giving them food, so many colonists starved and the rest returned to England.
What is the “Lost Colony”?
The English colony in Roanoke Island. When John White went back to the settlement, he couldn’t find anybody there. The last settlers had disappeared and were never found. DUM DUM DUM!!!!!
What happened in 1606?
King James I gave an organization called The Virginia Company the power to carry out the project to start another American colony.
How did the Virginia Company fund the expedition?
- Investors paid for shares in the Virginia Company.
- The company financed 3 ships to send settlers to Virginia.
- Settlers built the colony at Jamestown.
- Lumber, tobacco, glass, tar and pitch were exported to England.
- After products were sold, investors shared in profits.
What is the name of the first lasting english colony in America and who is it named after?
Jamestown. It was named after King James I.
What problems did the settles in Jamestown encounter?
- Not a good location, the water was not good for drinking and many colonists died from diseases carried by the mosquitoes that lived in the nearby swamps.
- The Powhatan people were not always friendly. They attacked the colony several times.
What did John Smith do?
He became a leader in Jamestown. He pushed them to improve the colony and made friends with Chief Powhatan. He also made friends with Pocahontas, the Chief’s daughter.
