My IEC Flashcards
1
Q
Adult breathing rate
A
16-20 bpm
2
Q
Child breathing rate
A
20-30 bpm
3
Q
Infant breathing rate
A
30+ bpm
4
Q
Agonal gasps are a sign of?
A
Cardiac arrest
5
Q
Adult pulse rate
A
60-80 beats per min
6
Q
Child pulse rate
A
100-140 beats per min
7
Q
Infant pulse rate
A
140+ beats per min
8
Q
AVPU
A
Alert
Voice
Pain
Unresponsive
9
Q
AVPU scale recorded where?
A
Casualty report form
10
Q
Adult basic life support
2 people
A
DR Help AB 30/2
11
Q
AED started when?
A
25th compression of 5th cycle
12
Q
Adult basic life support
Alone
A
DR help AB 999 30/2
13
Q
Adult drowning
And
Child life support
A
5 breaths 1 min CPR, 999
14
Q
Adult compression depth
A
5-6cm
15
Q
Adult and child compression rate
A
100-120 comps per min
16
Q
Job if 2nd person during adult basic life support
A
Get BVM set up (adult/child)
Sets AED
Gets ambulance
17
Q
Basic life support (child)
2 people
A
DR help AB 5 30/2
Lone = stay 30/2
2 people = 15/2 after shock given
18
Q
Child AED when?
A
After 2 mins CPR
19
Q
Child compression depth
A
1/3 of chest depth
20
Q
Choking assessment severe?
A
Severity?
(Ineffective cough)
Unconscious? =CPR
Conscious 5 back slap 5 thrusts
21
Q
Choking assessment
(Mild)
Adult , child and infants
A
Severity?
Effective cough
Monitor cough effectiveness
22
Q
Choking
Infants
A
Unconscious?
CPR
Open airway
5 breaths
23
Q
Sample acronym
A
Signs/symptoms Allergies Medication Previous medical history Last eaten? Events leading up to incident
24
Q
LAS hand over
CHAT
A
Chief complaint
History, events, allergies, medication (heam)
Associated injuries
Treatment given
25
4 types of shock
```
Cardiogenic
(poor heart function)
Neurogenic
(Adverse reaction on nervous system)
Anaphylactic
(Severe allergic reaction)
Hypovalaemic
(Loss of body fluids)
```
26
Shocks signs/symptoms
```
Pale cold clammy skin
Rapid weak pulse
Rapid shallow breathing
Nausea vomiting thirst
Restless anxious faint
Unconscious
```
27
Shock treatment
```
Lay down
Give OXY
Treat cause
Elevate legs
Keep warm
Monitor
Get help
Nil by mouth
```
28
Oxygen administration
| Figures
200 litres
200 bar
12 LPM
16 mins duration
29
Hudson free flow mask
| Oxygen percentage
96-98%
30
BVM oxygen percentage
85%
31
Who can get oxygen?
All except known Paraquat
| Poisoning
32
What should I do if oxy patient breathing rate drops below 10 breaths per min?
Remove oxy
Monitor?
Above 10 = re-apply Hudson
Below 10 = BVM
33
Oxygen handover to LAS
```
Percentage given
Flow rate
Duration
Reason for oxygen
Effectiveness
```
34
AED treats what ?
VF
| VT
35
AED power for shock?
150 joules
36
AED preparation
Dry chest
Shave hair
Remove medicine patches
Avoid pacemakers
37
When do u use child key for AED?
8 years and under
Or 55lbs/25kg or less
38
With key inserted what is the shock power of AED?
50 joules
39
No key available for AED?
Shock as per adult, inform LAS
40
AED pad locations for child/ infant
Anterior and posterior
| Front and back middle
41
AED test
Daily self test
(Flashing green light)
FRx pads must be connected to AED at all times
42
OP airway measuring method
Corner of mouth to earlobe
43
2 methods of airway stabilisation
Head tilt chin lift
Jaw thrust (if spinal injuries suspected)
44
New AED battery lasts how long?
4 hours op time
4 years shelf life
200 shocks
45
Medical patch on casualties chest
Remove patch
46
ECG memory time in AED?
15 mins
47
3 basic steps to using AED?
Press green button
Follow voice commands
Press Orange shock button if required
48
AED advises NO shock but no signs of life
Carry on CPR
49
Green light flashing
Replace used / expired supplies
Check outside of defibrillator
What heck is this?
Daily
50
AED said shock not delivered.
| What should u do?
Press pads firmly to chest
51
Hand placement for CPR
Lower half of sternum
52
Correct rate CPR (2 people)
15/2
53
Mild airway encourage to?
Cough
54
Symptoms of SCA?
Unconscious and not breathing normally
55
Foreign body enters child airway, encourage what?
Cough
56
Actions if infant choking
5 back blows
57
Fist placement for abdominal thrusts
Between naval and bottom of breastbone
58
How many CPR cylcles for unwitnessed cardiac arrest
5 cycles
59
Heart size
Clenched fist
60
Muscular parts of heart
Ventricles
61
Resting heart rate of a child
100-140 beats per min
62
Left ventricles specific function
Receive blood from left atrium
| Pump around body via aorta
63
Special cells near opening of superior vena cava
Sinoatrial node
| SA node
64
VT is
Rapid heart beat
65
Cardiac arrest management
Immediate CPR
| Restoration of normal rhythm by defibrillaton
66
Carry blood back to heart
| What vessels are these
Veins
67
What heart condition is glycerol trinitrate used to treat?
Angina
68
```
Severe Chest pain
Radiating to both sides of chest, neck, arms and back.
Sweating faintness giddiness nausea
Vomiting
Shallow breathing cyanosis
Impending doom sense is?
```
Heart attack
69
How do u measure a stiff neck collar
Bottom of chin to top of shoulder
70
Peha-haft cohesive bandage cannot be placed on the limbs, why?
Reduces venous and arterial blood flow
71
Primary use of Op-site post op dressing is to what?
Prevent more air entering g thoracic cavity through stab or gun wound causing pneumothorax
72
N A dressings are for what injuries?
Bleeding wounds
73
Post stiff neck collar fitting, maintain what?
Manual inline stabilisation is maintained
74
Peha-haft is primarily for what?
Scalp wounds
75
Post OP-site dressing, what position?
Semi recumbent
76
Stiff neck collar colours denote?
Collar size
77
How many different sizes of peha-haft bandage is there?
2 sizes
78
How should the Op-site dressing be placed on the casualty?
Cut end pointing down
79
Coloured block prevents what?
Casualty biting down hard and obstructing airway
80
V vac pump goes in how far?
As far as u can still see the yellow intake valve end
81
When NOT to use oropharyngeal airway?
If correct size is NOT available
82
Improper size of OP airway will cause?
Bleeding in the airway
83
V vac cartridge fills up, what now?
Open exhaust valve and carry on
84
4 colours of OP airway bite blocks
Red
Orange
Green
White
ROGW
85
Casualty shows signs of oP airway rejection?
Remove it immediately
86
Manual airway stabilisation if OP airway fitted and suspect C spine injury
Jaw thrust
87
OP airway is from the mouth to the ?
Pharynx
88
V vac pump chamber disposal?
Hand to ambulance crews
89
Blunt trauma to chest description?
Chest impacting with steering wheel of car
90
Air leaks from inside lung to chest wall cavity is?
Pneumothorax
91
Air composition and percentage
21% oxygen
| 79% nitrogen
92
Lung lobes
2 left
| 3 right
93
Epiglottis function
Protects top of larynx when food or liquid is swallowed
94
External respiration take place where?
In the lungs
95
Emphysema is a lung disease involving damage to?
Alveoli
96
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
97
Chest injury signs
```
Breathing difficulty
Panic
Anxiety
Cyanosis
Pain at injury site
Fast heart
Fast breathing
Asymmetry of chest wall
```
98
Newton's first law of inertia
Body at rest remains at rest
| Body in motion remains in motion unless acted upon by an outside force
99
Classic sign of head injury following RTA
"Bulls eye" or "spiders web" pattern on screen
100
RTA rear impact suspected injuries
"C" spine and back injuries
101
Up and over and down under
Frontal impact
102
Lateral impact injuries
Abdomen/Pelvis
Chest
Neck
Head
103
How do u deal with a Penetrating wound?
Build up bandage around object
Leave object in situ
Give oxygen
104
Problems associated with maxillo- facial injuries?
Broken facial bones / teeth may compromise airway and cause severe blood loss
105
Base of skull fracture cause
Indirect force like a fall and landing on feet or lower spine
106
Types of head injury may be confronted by
Scalp wounds
Depressed skull fracture
Brain injuries
107
Concussion signs
Vacant stare
Disorientated
Lack of coordination
Confused
108
Brain compression injury signs
```
Unequal pupils
Un-alert
Hot skin
Slow pulse
Unresponsive
Massive head ache
Noisy breathing
```
109
Treatment for head injuries
ABCD, oxygen, control bleeding,
| Check responsiveness
110
Chemicals entered eyes
Eye wash 15 mins
Cover both eyes
Get to hospital
111
Other injury possible with a black eye
Skull fracture
112
Treatment for embedded object in eye?
Dressing to cover both eyes
| Get to hospital
113
Why dress both eyes for eye injuries?
Prevent eyes from moving
114
What is a complicated fracture?
Important structure injury and
Dislocation injury
Shattered bones
Broken bones impact each other
115
Fracture causes?
Direct and indirect force
Muscular action
Pathological
116
Fracture signs and symptoms
```
Pain at or near site
Irregular lumps
Depressions
Tender to touch
Swelling
Deformity
Unnatural movement
```
117
Over stretching and ligament tear is?
| And treatment is?
Sprain
Rest, support,
cold compress
Oxygen
118
Dislocation management
Do not move
Do not straighten
Immobilise
Oxygen
119
Rapid assessment of pelvic injury vital, why
Multiple blood vessels are located in the pelvic area and could be damaged
120
Why shouldn't a casualty pass urine with suspected pelvic fracture?
Emptying bladder could cause a tear on the bladder wall.
121
Why is the pelvis not sprung?
May cause catastrophic bleeding
122
Spinal injury symptoms
Loss of feeling
Paralysis below injury site
Pins and needles above site
123
Spinal injury management
```
ABC
Oxygen
Collar
Secondary survey
Immobilise legs and feet
Secure to back board
```
124
Shock caused by loss of body fluids, infection and damage to respiratory tract, breathing in hot air and gases are associated with what type of burn?
Thermal burn
125
3 depths of burn
Superficial
Partial thickness
Full thickness
126
Using the casualties hand, what percentage of burn area will that give you?
1 %
127
A complete water gel burns pack will cover what percentage of an adult body?
12.5%
128
What time critical features of burns require hospitalisation?
Any major ABCD
Full thickness burns
```
Mixed pattern of burn depth
Circumferential burns
Hot air / gas inhalation
Partial thickness burns of 1%+
Superficial burns of 5%+
Face, feet, hands, genital burns
```
129
How long should u cool a chemical and thermal burn?
Chemical 20 mins
| Thermal 10 mins
130
Why should u try and remove rings and watches from casualty?
Can cause constriction
131
Shocked casualty signs and symptoms?
Rapid pulse
| Cold clammy skin
132
Hypovalaemic shock casualty position?
Laid down
| Feet raised
133
Clothing alight action?
Stop
Drop
Wrap and Roll
134
When should a crash helmet be removed?
When an airway can NOT be managed
135
How many persons needed to remove a rash helmet?
Two
136
When does the person managing the "C" spine grasp the casualties mandible and rear of neck?
Before person at the head tilts helmet backwards
137
Whose responsibility is it to unfasten or it the chin strap of the helmet?
The person managing the "C" spine
138
Who is responsible for casualty log roll?
Person at the head
139
What is the orthopaedic or scoop stretcher designed for?
Lifting and carrying casualties without complicating or aggravating injuries.
140
How would you place a casualty on the long back board that is standing?
Apply collar
Maintain "C" spine
Board behind casualty
Gently lower board to ground
141
Serious problems with ABCDE, penetrating trauma to the head, neck, chest, blunt trauma to the chest and an unsafe scene are indications of what?
Rapid extrication
142
Procedure for open or flip face helmet?
Same procedure as full faced
143
When packaging a casualty on the long back board, what is the last action to e completed prior to removal by ambulance ?
Head blocks are placed and straps tightened
144
6 wounds
```
Contusion
Laceration
Incision
Puncture
Graze
Gunshot
```
145
ABCDE
```
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Expose
```
146
3 Ps
Preserve
Prevent
Promote
147
4 Bs
Breathing
Bleeding
Burns
Bones
148
Unconscious reasons
| Fish shaped
Fainting
Infantile convulsions
Shock
Head injury
```
Stroke
Heart attack
Asphyxia
Poisons
Epilepsy
Diabetes
```
149
Shock treatment
| lotek man
```
Lay down
Oxygen
Treat cause
Elevate legs
Keep warm
```
Monitor
Ambulance
Nil by mouth
150
Info to gather from patient
| sample
```
Signs / symptoms
(Get name)
Allergies
Medication
Previous history
Last eaten
Events leading up to incident
```
(Remember what they say!!!)
151
Soft tissue injury treatment
| RICE
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
152
If child key becomes available after an adult shock has been delivered to a child?
Stay adult shock mode
153
Baby or Infant description
0-1 year
154
Child description
1 to puberty
155
Adult description
Puberty and beyond
156
What side should a pregnant woman be laid in the recovery position?
On her left always
| Prevents compression of inferior vena cava
