My IEC Flashcards
Adult breathing rate
16-20 bpm
Child breathing rate
20-30 bpm
Infant breathing rate
30+ bpm
Agonal gasps are a sign of?
Cardiac arrest
Adult pulse rate
60-80 beats per min
Child pulse rate
100-140 beats per min
Infant pulse rate
140+ beats per min
AVPU
Alert
Voice
Pain
Unresponsive
AVPU scale recorded where?
Casualty report form
Adult basic life support
2 people
DR Help AB 30/2
AED started when?
25th compression of 5th cycle
Adult basic life support
Alone
DR help AB 999 30/2
Adult drowning
And
Child life support
5 breaths 1 min CPR, 999
Adult compression depth
5-6cm
Adult and child compression rate
100-120 comps per min
Job if 2nd person during adult basic life support
Get BVM set up (adult/child)
Sets AED
Gets ambulance
Basic life support (child)
2 people
DR help AB 5 30/2
Lone = stay 30/2
2 people = 15/2 after shock given
Child AED when?
After 2 mins CPR
Child compression depth
1/3 of chest depth
Choking assessment severe?
Severity?
(Ineffective cough)
Unconscious? =CPR
Conscious 5 back slap 5 thrusts
Choking assessment
(Mild)
Adult , child and infants
Severity?
Effective cough
Monitor cough effectiveness
Choking
Infants
Unconscious?
CPR
Open airway
5 breaths
Sample acronym
Signs/symptoms Allergies Medication Previous medical history Last eaten? Events leading up to incident
LAS hand over
CHAT
Chief complaint
History, events, allergies, medication (heam)
Associated injuries
Treatment given
4 types of shock
Cardiogenic (poor heart function) Neurogenic (Adverse reaction on nervous system) Anaphylactic (Severe allergic reaction) Hypovalaemic (Loss of body fluids)
Shocks signs/symptoms
Pale cold clammy skin Rapid weak pulse Rapid shallow breathing Nausea vomiting thirst Restless anxious faint Unconscious
Shock treatment
Lay down Give OXY Treat cause Elevate legs Keep warm Monitor Get help Nil by mouth
Oxygen administration
Figures
200 litres
200 bar
12 LPM
16 mins duration
Hudson free flow mask
Oxygen percentage
96-98%
BVM oxygen percentage
85%
Who can get oxygen?
All except known Paraquat
Poisoning
What should I do if oxy patient breathing rate drops below 10 breaths per min?
Remove oxy
Monitor?
Above 10 = re-apply Hudson
Below 10 = BVM
Oxygen handover to LAS
Percentage given Flow rate Duration Reason for oxygen Effectiveness
AED treats what ?
VF
VT
AED power for shock?
150 joules
AED preparation
Dry chest
Shave hair
Remove medicine patches
Avoid pacemakers
When do u use child key for AED?
8 years and under
Or 55lbs/25kg or less
With key inserted what is the shock power of AED?
50 joules
No key available for AED?
Shock as per adult, inform LAS
AED pad locations for child/ infant
Anterior and posterior
Front and back middle
AED test
Daily self test
(Flashing green light)
FRx pads must be connected to AED at all times
OP airway measuring method
Corner of mouth to earlobe
2 methods of airway stabilisation
Head tilt chin lift
Jaw thrust (if spinal injuries suspected)
New AED battery lasts how long?
4 hours op time
4 years shelf life
200 shocks
Medical patch on casualties chest
Remove patch
ECG memory time in AED?
15 mins
3 basic steps to using AED?
Press green button
Follow voice commands
Press Orange shock button if required
AED advises NO shock but no signs of life
Carry on CPR
Green light flashing
Replace used / expired supplies
Check outside of defibrillator
What heck is this?
Daily
AED said shock not delivered.
What should u do?
Press pads firmly to chest
Hand placement for CPR
Lower half of sternum
Correct rate CPR (2 people)
15/2
Mild airway encourage to?
Cough
Symptoms of SCA?
Unconscious and not breathing normally
Foreign body enters child airway, encourage what?
Cough
Actions if infant choking
5 back blows
Fist placement for abdominal thrusts
Between naval and bottom of breastbone
How many CPR cylcles for unwitnessed cardiac arrest
5 cycles
Heart size
Clenched fist
Muscular parts of heart
Ventricles
Resting heart rate of a child
100-140 beats per min
Left ventricles specific function
Receive blood from left atrium
Pump around body via aorta
Special cells near opening of superior vena cava
Sinoatrial node
SA node
VT is
Rapid heart beat
Cardiac arrest management
Immediate CPR
Restoration of normal rhythm by defibrillaton
Carry blood back to heart
What vessels are these
Veins
What heart condition is glycerol trinitrate used to treat?
Angina
Severe Chest pain Radiating to both sides of chest, neck, arms and back. Sweating faintness giddiness nausea Vomiting Shallow breathing cyanosis Impending doom sense is?
Heart attack
How do u measure a stiff neck collar
Bottom of chin to top of shoulder
Peha-haft cohesive bandage cannot be placed on the limbs, why?
Reduces venous and arterial blood flow
Primary use of Op-site post op dressing is to what?
Prevent more air entering g thoracic cavity through stab or gun wound causing pneumothorax
N A dressings are for what injuries?
Bleeding wounds
Post stiff neck collar fitting, maintain what?
Manual inline stabilisation is maintained
Peha-haft is primarily for what?
Scalp wounds
Post OP-site dressing, what position?
Semi recumbent
Stiff neck collar colours denote?
Collar size
How many different sizes of peha-haft bandage is there?
2 sizes
How should the Op-site dressing be placed on the casualty?
Cut end pointing down
Coloured block prevents what?
Casualty biting down hard and obstructing airway
V vac pump goes in how far?
As far as u can still see the yellow intake valve end
When NOT to use oropharyngeal airway?
If correct size is NOT available
Improper size of OP airway will cause?
Bleeding in the airway
V vac cartridge fills up, what now?
Open exhaust valve and carry on
4 colours of OP airway bite blocks
Red
Orange
Green
White
ROGW
Casualty shows signs of oP airway rejection?
Remove it immediately
Manual airway stabilisation if OP airway fitted and suspect C spine injury
Jaw thrust
OP airway is from the mouth to the ?
Pharynx
V vac pump chamber disposal?
Hand to ambulance crews
Blunt trauma to chest description?
Chest impacting with steering wheel of car
Air leaks from inside lung to chest wall cavity is?
Pneumothorax
Air composition and percentage
21% oxygen
79% nitrogen
Lung lobes
2 left
3 right
Epiglottis function
Protects top of larynx when food or liquid is swallowed
External respiration take place where?
In the lungs
Emphysema is a lung disease involving damage to?
Alveoli
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chest injury signs
Breathing difficulty Panic Anxiety Cyanosis Pain at injury site Fast heart Fast breathing Asymmetry of chest wall
Newton’s first law of inertia
Body at rest remains at rest
Body in motion remains in motion unless acted upon by an outside force
Classic sign of head injury following RTA
“Bulls eye” or “spiders web” pattern on screen
RTA rear impact suspected injuries
“C” spine and back injuries
Up and over and down under
Frontal impact
Lateral impact injuries
Abdomen/Pelvis
Chest
Neck
Head
How do u deal with a Penetrating wound?
Build up bandage around object
Leave object in situ
Give oxygen
Problems associated with maxillo- facial injuries?
Broken facial bones / teeth may compromise airway and cause severe blood loss
Base of skull fracture cause
Indirect force like a fall and landing on feet or lower spine
Types of head injury may be confronted by
Scalp wounds
Depressed skull fracture
Brain injuries
Concussion signs
Vacant stare
Disorientated
Lack of coordination
Confused
Brain compression injury signs
Unequal pupils Un-alert Hot skin Slow pulse Unresponsive Massive head ache Noisy breathing
Treatment for head injuries
ABCD, oxygen, control bleeding,
Check responsiveness
Chemicals entered eyes
Eye wash 15 mins
Cover both eyes
Get to hospital
Other injury possible with a black eye
Skull fracture
Treatment for embedded object in eye?
Dressing to cover both eyes
Get to hospital
Why dress both eyes for eye injuries?
Prevent eyes from moving
What is a complicated fracture?
Important structure injury and
Dislocation injury
Shattered bones
Broken bones impact each other
Fracture causes?
Direct and indirect force
Muscular action
Pathological
Fracture signs and symptoms
Pain at or near site Irregular lumps Depressions Tender to touch Swelling Deformity Unnatural movement
Over stretching and ligament tear is?
And treatment is?
Sprain
Rest, support,
cold compress
Oxygen
Dislocation management
Do not move
Do not straighten
Immobilise
Oxygen
Rapid assessment of pelvic injury vital, why
Multiple blood vessels are located in the pelvic area and could be damaged
Why shouldn’t a casualty pass urine with suspected pelvic fracture?
Emptying bladder could cause a tear on the bladder wall.
Why is the pelvis not sprung?
May cause catastrophic bleeding
Spinal injury symptoms
Loss of feeling
Paralysis below injury site
Pins and needles above site
Spinal injury management
ABC Oxygen Collar Secondary survey Immobilise legs and feet Secure to back board
Shock caused by loss of body fluids, infection and damage to respiratory tract, breathing in hot air and gases are associated with what type of burn?
Thermal burn
3 depths of burn
Superficial
Partial thickness
Full thickness
Using the casualties hand, what percentage of burn area will that give you?
1 %
A complete water gel burns pack will cover what percentage of an adult body?
12.5%
What time critical features of burns require hospitalisation?
Any major ABCD
Full thickness burns
Mixed pattern of burn depth Circumferential burns Hot air / gas inhalation Partial thickness burns of 1%+ Superficial burns of 5%+ Face, feet, hands, genital burns
How long should u cool a chemical and thermal burn?
Chemical 20 mins
Thermal 10 mins
Why should u try and remove rings and watches from casualty?
Can cause constriction
Shocked casualty signs and symptoms?
Rapid pulse
Cold clammy skin
Hypovalaemic shock casualty position?
Laid down
Feet raised
Clothing alight action?
Stop
Drop
Wrap and Roll
When should a crash helmet be removed?
When an airway can NOT be managed
How many persons needed to remove a rash helmet?
Two
When does the person managing the “C” spine grasp the casualties mandible and rear of neck?
Before person at the head tilts helmet backwards
Whose responsibility is it to unfasten or it the chin strap of the helmet?
The person managing the “C” spine
Who is responsible for casualty log roll?
Person at the head
What is the orthopaedic or scoop stretcher designed for?
Lifting and carrying casualties without complicating or aggravating injuries.
How would you place a casualty on the long back board that is standing?
Apply collar
Maintain “C” spine
Board behind casualty
Gently lower board to ground
Serious problems with ABCDE, penetrating trauma to the head, neck, chest, blunt trauma to the chest and an unsafe scene are indications of what?
Rapid extrication
Procedure for open or flip face helmet?
Same procedure as full faced
When packaging a casualty on the long back board, what is the last action to e completed prior to removal by ambulance ?
Head blocks are placed and straps tightened
6 wounds
Contusion Laceration Incision Puncture Graze Gunshot
ABCDE
Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Expose
3 Ps
Preserve
Prevent
Promote
4 Bs
Breathing
Bleeding
Burns
Bones
Unconscious reasons
Fish shaped
Fainting
Infantile convulsions
Shock
Head injury
Stroke Heart attack Asphyxia Poisons Epilepsy Diabetes
Shock treatment
lotek man
Lay down Oxygen Treat cause Elevate legs Keep warm
Monitor
Ambulance
Nil by mouth
Info to gather from patient
sample
Signs / symptoms (Get name) Allergies Medication Previous history Last eaten Events leading up to incident
(Remember what they say!!!)
Soft tissue injury treatment
RICE
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
If child key becomes available after an adult shock has been delivered to a child?
Stay adult shock mode
Baby or Infant description
0-1 year
Child description
1 to puberty
Adult description
Puberty and beyond
What side should a pregnant woman be laid in the recovery position?
On her left always
Prevents compression of inferior vena cava