My English 2024 / 1 Flashcards
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1️⃣ Second to last (most common)
It is my second to last day in this country.
The second to last chapter of the book revealed a surprising twist.
2️⃣ Next to last
The next to last bus of the evening is usually less crowded.
This is the next to last warning before we take action.
3️⃣ One before the last
He took the one before the last piece of cake.
The one before the last meeting was particularly productive.
4️⃣ Last but one
She was the last but one to arrive at the party.
The last but one question on the exam was the most challenging.
Let’s play it by ear
play it by ear
“по ходу разберёмся”, “ориентироваться по ситуации”
Meaning: todecidewhat to do when youknowwhat is happening, rather than planning in advance
Examples:
“I can’t tell you what to expect.” “Don’t worry, I’ll play it by ear.”
I hope the director will be able to do the opening remarks but if not, we’ll have toplay it by ear.
We can’t make adecisionyet. Let’s justplayit byear.
We decided toplay it by earrather than taking a tour and it was really nice to just walk around and get acquainted with the town.
We can play it by ear and decide where to meet later.
failure
(pronunciation)
failure /ˈfeɪljə/
ostracism
exclusion from a society or group, a stigma
the family suffered social ostracism
/ˈɒs.trə.sɪ.zəm/
obituary
a notice of the death of a person
/əˈbɪtʃ.ʊə.ri/
(informal obit, UK/ˈəʊ.bɪt/ US/oʊˈbɪt/)
злоупотреблять гостеприимством
outstay your welcome
They were busy so I left - I didn’t want to outstay my welcome
_____ anxiety / irritation /
the mind / the skin / the thoat
(успокоить)
to soothe anxiety / irritation /
the mind / the skin / the thoat
whimsical
/ˈwɪm.zɪ.kəl/
unusual and strange in a way that might be funny or annoying
a whimsical tale
Despite his kindly, sometimes whimsical air, he was a shrewd observer of people.
(get sth) into the bargain
bargain /ˈbɑː.ɡɪn/
får något på köpet
получить впридачу, заодно
in addition to what has already been mentioned or was expected.
I am now tired and extremely hungry—with a headache into the bargain
One question has been ________ me.
(synonym to “bothering”)
One question has been nagging me.
My brother keeps _______ me about playing Minecraft or something.
(keeps asking in an annoying way)
My brother keeps nagging me about playing Minecraft or something.
Smartphones ____ us. They disturb us while we’re working.
(bother, доставать, дергать)
Smartphones nag us. They disturb us while we’re working.
When it comes to AI, I think that the benefits ____ _____ the risks.
(намного перевешивают)
When it comes to AI, I think that the benefits far outweigh the risks.
When it comes to mass vaccination, I don’t think that the benefits ____ _____ the risks.
(намного перевешивают)
When it comes to mass vaccination, I don’t think that the benefits far outweigh the risks.
The toxicology report says that you were drunk and ______ on cocaine.
/kəʊˈkeɪn/ /kəˈkeɪn/
The toxicology report says that you were drunk and high on cocaine.
high on not thinking or behaving normally because of taking drugs or alcohol
He was high on drugs.
experiential purchases
(pronunciation)
… people express much more gratitude about experiential purchases than material purchases.
experiential
(pronunciation)
/ɪkˌspɪə.riˈen.ʃəl/
enhance
improve its value, quality, or attractiveness.
UK: /ɪnˈhɑːns/, US: /ɪnˈhæns/
enhance their reputation / the quality of life/ his performance
They’ll be keen to ________ their reputation abroad. (= make it better, improve)
They’ll be keen to enhance their reputation abroad.
act ____ advice / information / feedback / the news / feelings
[preposition]
act on advice / information / feedback / the news / feelings
to act in accordance with; follow
He acted on my advice.
Acting on ______ (= without thinking first) can get you into a lot of trouble.
act on impulse
Acting on impulse (= without thinking first) can get you into a lot of trouble.
And it has very ________ consequences.
(= далеко идущие)
And it has very far-reaching consequences
far-reaching
[collocations]
far-reaching consequences
far-reaching implications
far-reaching impact / effects
far-reaching changes
far-reaching decisions / plans / goals
That was my u_________
(= насколько я понял)
That was my understanding…
That is my understandibg that meeting is on Tuesday.
baccalaureate
(pronunciation)
/ˌbækəˈlɔːrɪət/
What’s she doing?
piggyback
to give a piggyback ride
She is giving a piggyback ride to her son.
piggybacking
(a strategy for a new habit)
Piggybacking is when you add a new behaviour to a habit that you are already doing.
They could p__ __ existing habits rather than trying to create a new one.
(= to use existing habits in order to get an advantage)
They could piggyback on existing habits rather than trying to create a new one.
They _______ power and influence.
(= have a lot of)
They wield power and influence.
Ты перепутал (это). / Я перепутал.
You got it mixed up / I just got mixed up.
You got it mixed up. The meeting was scheduled for 3 pm, not 2 pm.
I get mixed up about times and places.
1) “You mixed it up” suggests that the person being addressed is the one who made the mistake or confusion. It puts direct responsibility on the person for the mixing up.
Example: If someone accidentally switches two ingredients in a recipe, you could say to them, “You mixed it up. That’s why the dish doesn’t taste right.”
2) “You got it mixed up” implies that the person made a mistake or confusion, but it’s more focused on the end result rather than directly blaming them. It suggests that they ended up with something mixed up, without necessarily implying intent.
Example: If someone confuses two dates and arrives at the wrong time for a meeting, you could say, “You got it mixed up. The meeting was scheduled for 3 pm, not 2 pm.”
In summary, “You mixed it up” is more direct and places responsibility on the person for causing the mix-up, while “You got it mixed up” is slightly more neutral and focuses on the outcome of the mistake.
a mix-up
[synonyms]
a mix-up is a mistake or a failure in the way that something has been planned
confusion, mistake, misunderstanding, mess, jumble
Poor sleep is _________ across the world.
Poor sleep is endemic across the world.
You’ll need to think ___ your _______
(think quickly)
You’ll need to think on your feet.
to think on your feet - to make a quick decision or give an answer quickly
benevelent
kind and helpful
He was a benevolent old man and wouldn’t hurt a fly
She has no relatives to ___ ___ on.
У неё нет родственников, на которых можно было бы опереться.
She has no relatives to fall back on.
fall back on - опираться, прибегать к (помощи)
- to fall back on experience
- to fall back on education
- to fall back on a plan
- to fall back on a safety net
- to fall back on old habits
- to fall back on family for support
I have a _____ that she will not come.
My _____ is that she’s his mother.
Подозреваю
“How did you know I’d be here?” “It was just a ______ .”
[подозреваю, подозрение]
** I have a hunch** that she will not come.
У меня есть подозрение, что она не придёт.
My hunch is that she’s his mother.
Подозреваю, что она — его мать.
“How did you know I’d be here?” “It was just a hunch.”
— Как ты узнал, что я буду именно здесь? — Это была просто догадка.
So let me end by a___________ the elephant in the ______ here
So let me end by addressing the elephant in the room here
с учетом всех обстоятельств / принимая во внимание все обстоятельства
All things considered
meaning: taking everything into account
example: All things consider, the Belarusian protests in 2020 weren’t fruitless. Although there’s been an brutal crackdown since them, the Belarusian society has changed dramatically.
So ______ _____ ____, let’s give Tim a nice welcome.
So without further ado, let’s give Tim a nice welcome.
We are _________ to avoid pain, separations, and challenges to our sense of self-worth.
We are hardwired to avoid pain, separations, and challenges to our sense of self-worth.
Humans are hardwired to love fattening foods.
Babies are hardwired to cry when they are hungry or uncomfortable.
The fear response is ________ in our brains as a survival mechanism
The fear response is hardwired in our brains as a survival mechanism.
I actually know ____ a woman who cycled from Paris to Tel Aviv.
Do you know ____ a good doctor?
I actually know of a woman who cycled from Paris to Tel Aviv.
Do you know of a good doctor?
know of: to have heard of someone or something and be able to give a small amount of information about him, her, or it
And that’s where we spend the ____ of our time.
(most of our time)
And that’s where we spend the bulk of our time.
the bulk of something = most of something
the bulk of the book
the bulk of her fortune
the bulk of the population
the bulk of Belarusians
The bulk of the money came from private donors.
the bulk of patenting and domestic labour
a bulky object, e.g. an old mobile phone
a bulky person
bulky clothes
A bulky object takes up a lot of space, or is difficult to move or carry
Early mobile phones were bulky and expensive.
bulky equipment
A bulky person is large and heavy
He is tall and bulky, with broad shoulders.
Bulky clothes are large and loose or made of thick material
I’m knitting myself a bulky cream-coloured sweater.
So what’s the _______ line here?
So what’s the bottom line here?
The bottom line:
1) the last line of an audit, showing profit or loss
2) the most important fact in a situation, the essential point in a discussion, etc.
I’m sure it was just some sort of _____
(confusion, misunderstanding, mistake)
I’m sure it was just some sort of mix-up.
sweet spot
[meanings, collocations]
1) the hitting area; the part of a surface that gives the most power for the least effort, for example when hitting a ball
The new tennis rackets are lighter, stronger, and have a bigger sweet spot.
2) an optimum point or combination of factors or qualities
collocations:
find the/a sweet spot
hit the sweet spot
We need some mixture of the two. Some ______ _____ between novelty and familiarity. And the search for that ______ ______ is not something with a formula. It’s a constant experiment.
We need some mixture of the two. Some sweet spot between novelty and familiarity. And the search for that sweet spot is not something with a formula. It’s a constant experiment.
a _______ baby
(пухленький)
a chubby baby
And the barber put Abram on the chair, and he was doing pretty well, ____ _____ ______.
(с учетом всех обстоятельств)
And the barber put Abram on the chair, and he was doing pretty well, all things considered
That would be better for the planet, and it’ll be more healthy, and it’s more in _____ with my moral values
That would be better for the planet, and it’ll be more healthy, and it’s more in line with my moral values
in line with according to or following something such as a rule or principle
be in line with life/moral values
be in line with expectations
be in line with the standards
be in line with best practices
be out line with
Куда делись мои ключи?
[said when you cannot find something]
Where have my keys gone?
where has/have something gone?
said when you cannot find something
Where has my ruler gone? It was here a moment ago!
Where has my bag gone? Ah, it’s here, under the desk.
Where’s that pen gone? It’s vanished!
Where have those scissors gone? I was using them just now.
He has been hinting at it __ __.
(= from the very beginning)
He has been hinting at it all along.
All along: from the very beginning
Do you think he’s been cheating us all along
You may find that you know the answer subconsciously all along
I felt morally ________ to help.
(должной, обязанной)
I felt morally compelled to help.
If you feel compelled to do something, you feel that you must do it, because it is the right thing to do.
__ __ __ ______ with Mark Twain, though.
(= я позволю себе не согласиться)
I beg to differ with Mark Twain, though.
If you feel ________ to leave these cities, please do so in an orderly fashion.
If you feel compelled to leave these cities, please do so in an orderly fashion.
You understand why I am _________ to make this visit.
[having to do something, because you are forced to or feel it is necessary]
You understand why I am compelled to make this visit.
“He’s Dutch.” “___________”
[откуда ты знаешь?]
“He’s Dutch.” “How can you tell?”
to tell: to know, recognize, or be certain
I could tell (that) you were unhappy.
I think he’s happy. It’s hard to tell.
As far as I can tell, she’s enjoying the course.
tell the difference
to notice a difference in quality between two things
This coffee is about half the price of that one and yet you really can’t tell the difference.
there is no telling
[meaning, usage]
it is not possible to know
There’s no telling + will-clause
There’s no telling + might
There’s no telling what might happen.
There is no telling what the future will hold for them.
Tell me about it!
used to say that you feel the same way or have had the same experience
“He’s driving me crazy with his stupid jokes.” “Tell me about it!”
You have to _______ _____ the possibility that political philosophy may make you a worse citizen rather than a better one.
(= предусматривать)
You have to allow for the possibility that political philosophy may make you a worse citizen rather than a better one.
allow for something: to consider something when you are planning something
We allowed for living expenses of £20 a day.
[ + -ing verb ] You should allow for the plane being delayed.
We have to allow for the possibility that we might not finish on schedule.
_____ out bad ideas
_____ through all the papers
_____ fact from fiction
(= to make a close examination of something in order to find something or to separate what is useful from what is not)
sift out bad ideas
sift through all the papers
sift fact from fiction
развесить белье
hang out the washing (BrE, Aus)
hang out the laundry (AmE)
I hang my washing up to dry on an overhead rack indoors.
Please hang out the washing before you go.
Hang the washing up to dry.
давка
a stampede /stæmˈpiːd/
a сrowd collapse
a crowd crush
the same goes for …
that goes for …
used to say that something applies to another person as well
I won’t be here on Monday. The same goes for Friday.
The same rules go for everyone.
Те же правила действуют для всех.
подземный переходный переход
a subway
an underpass
a pedestrian underpass / a cycle underpass
There’s no ______ who’ll be next
(knowing)
There’s no telling who’ll be next
None of these _____ __ _____.
[sounds familiar]
None of these rings a bell / rings any bells.
to ring a bell: to sound familiar
The name rang a bell but I couldn’t remember where I had heard it before.
ring a bell with: No, I’m sorry, that description doesn’t ring any bells with me.
There’s no _____ what might happen.
(it is not possible to know)
There’s no telling what might happen.
The problem of criminal violence is soon to be a _____ of the _____.
The problem of criminal violence is soon to be a thing of the past.
a thing of the past: something that no longer happens
Giving up your seat to an older person seems to be a thing of the past.
On __ of __ , she has a minor heart condition.
(in addition to something, especially something unpleasant)
On top of that, she has a minor heart condition.
соотношение цены и качества
value for money
(the) good value for money
(the) great value for money
__ __ __ __ is absolutely second to none.
(= соотношение цены и качества)
The value for money is absolutely second to none (nothing).
People want ____ ____ ______
(things sold at a good price)
People want value for money.
I got an _____________ _____ being part of it.
(дозу адреналина)
I got an adrenaline rush being part of it.
spelling: adrenalin / adrenaline
/əˈdren.əl.ɪn/
And the adrenaline _____ you ____ f____ slicing into a human being may help you through your most sleepdeprived days.
And the adrenaline rush you get from slicing into a human being may help you through your most sleepdeprived days.
spelling: adrenalin / adrenaline
/əˈdren.əl.ɪn/
My ________ to your grandmother.
(соболезнования)
My condolences to your grandmother.
/kənˈdəʊ.ləns/
There’s something new always ______ ___ (happens, appears).
There’s something new always crops up
crop up to happen or appear, often unexpectedly
(informal)
New problems often crop up.
The issue that crops up most often is safety.
crop up in Her name keeps cropping up in conversation.
nuanced
with very slight differences in meaning or expression
/ˈnjuːɑːnst/
She must have been a good woman.
[a situation when we can use it]
giving condolences to someone (expressing sympathy and praise)
She must have been a good woman. My deepest condolences/sympathies!
I emailed them about the flow rate calculus, and I think there must have been some kind of… My Mandarin is very __ .
(= is not as good as it was because you have not practised it)
I emailed them about the flow rate calculus, and I think there must have been some kind of… My Mandarin is very rusty.
informal (of a sport, skill, etc.)
My tennis is very rusty these days.
I haven’t played the piano for ages - I may be a little rusty.
My golf’s a bit rusty - I haven’t played for years!
экстрасенс
psychic /ˈsaɪ.kɪk/
Alexander Sheps is one of Russia’s best-known psychics.
He is a winner of the The Battle of the Psychics, a reality TV show, where psychics compete to demonstrate the power of the occult.
Not only is a ________ _____ a major contributor to obesity, but studies have shown that people who watch less TV tend to burn more calories, even if they aren’t doing more physical activity.
(= сидячий образ жизни, when someone spends six or more hours per day sitting or lying down)
Not only is a sedeNtary lifestyle a major contributor to obesity, but studies have shown that people who watch less TV tend to burn more calories, even if they aren’t doing more physical activity.
Do you think it might have been ______ _________?
(пищевое отравление)
Do you think it might have been food poisoning?
food poisoning - uncountable, no article
Don’t tell me this is a power o______
(a power cut, a blackout)
Don’t tell me this is a power outage
/ˈaʊ.tɪdʒ/
пружина
а spring
I’m not ______ of a dancer, I’m afraid.
I’m not much of a dancer, I’m afraid.
not be much of a something
to not be a good example of something or not be very good at something
It wasn’t really much of a storm.
It wasn’t really _____ of ___ storm.
It wasn’t really much of a storm.
Despite the forecast, it wasn’t much of a storm.
It hasn’t been much of a holiday.
It’s not much of a career, you may think.
I’m not _____ of a meat eater myself, but I hear really great things … about the pork.
I’m not much of a meat eater myself, but I hear really great things … about the pork.
I’m not much of an opera lover.
I’m not much of a cook.
Oliver isn’t not much of a fish eater
__ __, I visited the icy coast of Greenland and the low-lying islands of the Maldives, connecting two seemingly disparate but equally endangered parts of our planet.
(= совсем недавно, not long ago)
Most recently, I visited the icy coast of Greenland and the low-lying islands of the Maldives, connecting two seemingly disparate but equally endangered parts of our planet.
most recently lately, not long ago; most currently
You cannot r______ with a tiger when your head is in its mouth!
(= to persuade someone not to do something stupid by giving them good reasons not to)
You cannot reason with a tiger when your head is in its mouth!
reason with: to persuade someone not to do something stupid by giving them good reasons not to
I’ve tried reasoning with her but it’s hopeless.
I tried to reason with him, but he wouldn’t listen.
Do we know of someone who could ____ the _____?
(be suitable, отвечает требованиям)
Do we know of someone who could fit the bill?
fit the bill to be suitable for a particular purpose
отвечать (всем) требованиям, быть тем, что нужно
“I’m looking for a fun novel to read on the plane.” “This one should fit the bill.”
I’m sorry, but there is no ______ room on this.
пространство для маневра
the freedom or opportunity to do something, or to change your mind and do something differently if that is what is needed
I’m sorry, but there is no wiggle room on this.
enough/little/some _______ ______
пространство для маневра
enough/little/some wiggle room
Price rises and increasing mortgage rates have left people with little wiggle room in their budgets.
He’s a man of great i________
[honesty and the ability to do or know what is morally right]
He’s a man of great integrity
integrity honesty and the ability to do or know what is morally right
честность, принципиальность
essential oil
/ɪˌsen.ʃəl ˈɔɪl/
Sorry, I’m just working ___ ___ kinks.
(trying to fix the small problems or flaws)
Sorry, I’m just working out the kinks
work/iron out the kink try to fix the small problems or flaws
I don’t have the ___ to do that.
(the courage, I’m not brave enough)
I don’t have the guts to do that.
guts [plural] (informal) the courage and strength of mind that it takes to do something difficult or unpleasant
He doesn’t have the guts to walk away from a well-paid job.
so far so good
[meaning, examples]
so far so good used to say that an activity has gone well until now; satisfactory up to this particular time
“How’s your new job?” “So far, so good.”
I’ve found a tin of beans. So far so good, but where is the tin opener?
The doctor did some quick tests. “So far so good,” she said.
I bought the business last year and so far so good.
I won the first round. So far so good. Now all I needed to do was maintain my concentration.
a boon
a enormous/great/real boon (to/for somebody) something that is very helpful and makes life easier for you
благо
The new software will be an enormous boon to home computer users
Microwaves are a boon for busy people
