Mutations

Question 1

Mutations

Answer 1

• heritable changes in DNA

Question 2

In single cell organisms, will all daughter cells have a mutation

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

Somatic mutation

Answer 3

Mutation in a non-gamete
Passed to daughter cells in area

Question 4

Germ-line mutation

Answer 4

• mutation in sex cells
• passed onto new organisms - onto offspring

Question 5

Why are mistakes in transcription or translation not as critical

Answer 5

Many copies of RNA produced
RNA are not heritable over multiple generations

Question 6

What can cause mutations

Answer 6

• High intensity radiation
• chemical mutagens
• uncorrected mistakes in replication

Question 7

Proofreading in DNA

Answer 7

3’ to 5’ exonuclease activity in DNA polymerase (as in, it acts in the 3’ to 5’ direction) so it can backtrack.

Question 8

Mis Match repair system

Answer 8

• in E. coli, it scans recently synthesized DNA looking for mismatches and hemimethylated DNA )Methyl group added to an A in a GATC sequence in te replicated strand

Question 9

2 broad categories of mutation

Answer 9

Point
Chromosomal level

Question 10

Point mutations

Answer 10

• base substitution
• frameshift mutation

Question 11

Chromosomal level

Answer 11

• insertion/deletion
• inversion
• duplication
• translocation

Question 12

Transition

Question 13

Transversion

Question 14

Missense mutation

Answer 14

• when in a coding region of DNA, the codon changes in one base an changes the amino acid that is coded for.

Question 15

Nonsense mutation

Answer 15

• when one base in a codon is changed to a stop codon in a coding region of DNA

Question 16

Same sense mutation

Answer 16

When a base in a codon is changed, but still codes for the same amino acid. (Will not notice mutation)