Lecture 2 - 4 Flashcards
Describe cell theory
- the idea that a cell is originating from another type of cell
Describe cell theory
- the idea that a cell is originating from another type of cell
Describe characteristics of prokaryotes vs eukaryotes
Prokaryotes:
Smaller ribosomes
Cell wall (usually)
No membrane bound oragnelles
No nucleus
Describe the work of Carl Woese
- compared sequences in diff species of rRNA to assess relationships between organisms
What are the 2 classifications of prokaryotes
- bacteria
- archaea
What are the 2 classifications of prokaryotes
- bacteria
- archaea
What are the basic tenets of cell theory?
- cell is the fundamental unit of life
- all organisms are composed of one or more cells
- all cells come from preexisting cells
What are the 4 major types of large biological polymers
- nucleic acids
- proteins
- lipids
- polysaccharides
What is the general formula of polysaccharides?
- Cn(H2O)n
What is the function of the cell wall
- provides shape and protection
Describe the function of the cell membrane
- allows cells to maintain a constant internal environment
- acts as a selectively permeable barrier
- is an interface for cells where info is received from adjacent cells and extracellular signals
- has molecules (receptors) that are responsible for binding and adhering to other cells
How to read electron micrographs?
- where it is darker, there is a larger density of organelles
What is the difference between a biological membrane and a lipid bilayer?
- a lipid bilayer
What is the function of the nucleus?
Maintenance and replication of the genome.
Distribution of genetic material (transcription)
Ribosomal production (ribosomal subunit assembling) (in the nucleolus)
Describe the function of mitrochondria
- principle site of ATP production
- site of cellular respiration
Rough ER function
Synthesis of some proteins
- some modification of proteins
Function of the SeR
- synthesis of lipids
- detoxification of anything that may be toxic to the cell
Function of the Golgi apparatus
- modification of proteins (eg adding carbs)
- re-direction of modified proteins to wherever they need to be.
Define a polysome
- a complex of m-RNA attached to ribosomes to synthesize polypeptides
What takes up most of the composition of a bacterial cell?
- water
- proteins (and other macromolecules)
What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?
- nucleotides
Describe a condensation reaction
- monomers combining/bonding to make molecules of water.
Describe a hydrolysis reaction
- uses a water molecule to break something apart.
Describe uses of polysaccharides
- components of cell walls
- chitin (fungal cell walls and exoskeletons of insects)
- energy storage molecules
- cell identification and or recognition