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MCB 150 > Lecture 2 - 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe cell theory

A
  • the idea that a cell is originating from another type of cell
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2
Q

Describe cell theory

A
  • the idea that a cell is originating from another type of cell
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3
Q

Describe characteristics of prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

A

Prokaryotes:
Smaller ribosomes
Cell wall (usually)
No membrane bound oragnelles
No nucleus

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4
Q

Describe the work of Carl Woese

A
  • compared sequences in diff species of rRNA to assess relationships between organisms
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5
Q

What are the 2 classifications of prokaryotes

A
  • bacteria
  • archaea
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6
Q

What are the 2 classifications of prokaryotes

A
  • bacteria
  • archaea
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7
Q

What are the basic tenets of cell theory?

A
  • cell is the fundamental unit of life
  • all organisms are composed of one or more cells
  • all cells come from preexisting cells
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8
Q

What are the 4 major types of large biological polymers

A
  • nucleic acids
  • proteins
  • lipids
  • polysaccharides
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9
Q

What is the general formula of polysaccharides?

A
  • Cn(H2O)n
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10
Q

What is the function of the cell wall

A
  • provides shape and protection
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11
Q

Describe the function of the cell membrane

A
  • allows cells to maintain a constant internal environment
  • acts as a selectively permeable barrier
  • is an interface for cells where info is received from adjacent cells and extracellular signals
  • has molecules (receptors) that are responsible for binding and adhering to other cells
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12
Q

How to read electron micrographs?

A
  • where it is darker, there is a larger density of organelles
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13
Q

What is the difference between a biological membrane and a lipid bilayer?

A
  • a lipid bilayer
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14
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Maintenance and replication of the genome.
Distribution of genetic material (transcription)
Ribosomal production (ribosomal subunit assembling) (in the nucleolus)

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15
Q

Describe the function of mitrochondria

A
  • principle site of ATP production
  • site of cellular respiration
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16
Q

Rough ER function

A

Synthesis of some proteins
- some modification of proteins

17
Q

Function of the SeR

A
  • synthesis of lipids
  • detoxification of anything that may be toxic to the cell
18
Q

Function of the Golgi apparatus

A
  • modification of proteins (eg adding carbs)
  • re-direction of modified proteins to wherever they need to be.
19
Q

Define a polysome

A
  • a complex of m-RNA attached to ribosomes to synthesize polypeptides
20
Q

What takes up most of the composition of a bacterial cell?

A
  • water
  • proteins (and other macromolecules)
21
Q

What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?

A
  • nucleotides
22
Q

Describe a condensation reaction

A
  • monomers combining/bonding to make molecules of water.
23
Q

Describe a hydrolysis reaction

A
  • uses a water molecule to break something apart.
24
Q

Describe uses of polysaccharides

A
  • components of cell walls
  • chitin (fungal cell walls and exoskeletons of insects)
  • energy storage molecules
  • cell identification and or recognition
25
Q

Describe the difference between a and b glucose

A
  • the H-OH group on C1 is when H is on the top in alpha glucose, but on beta glucose the H is on the bottom
26
Q

What 2 monosaccharides make up cellobiose?
What bond is between them? (Specify)

A
  • b glucose
  • by a 1,4 b glycosidic linkage
27
Q

What 2 monosaccharides make up sucrose?

A
  • a glucose
  • fructose
28
Q

How can glycoproteins be formed?
What are the uses of glycoproteins?

A
  • linkage of oligosacharides to membrane proteins
  • identification or recognition molecules (eg receptors, blood typing)
29
Q

What are the 3 main types of polysaccharides?

A
  • cellulose
  • glycogen
  • starch
30
Q

What are the characteristics of cellulose

A
  • most abundant
  • made of b glucose monomers linked by 1,4 glycosidic bonds
  • unbranched
  • linear polymers held together by H bonds.
31
Q

What are the characteristics of starch?

A
  • consists of amylose and amylopectin
  • amylopectin: branched component (1,6 glycosidic bond) amylose: unbranched component (1,4 glycosidic bond)
  • polymer of a glucose
  • helical structure
32
Q

What are the characteristics of glycogen

A
  • helical
  • branched and consists of 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic linkages
  • polymer of a glucose
  • very very branched

MCB 150 (8 decks)

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