Mutations Flashcards
What is a mutation?
An alteration in the sequence of the genome of an organism, altering the amino acid sequence
What are the types of mutations?
- (Gene mutations)
- Point mutation
- Frameshift mutation
- (Chromosomal mutations)
- Deletion
- Duplication
- Inversion
- Translocation
- Nondisjunction
What are gene mutations?
Small scale
Any change of the DNA sequence
Base pairs may be added, missing, or changed
What is a point mutation?
Affecting one nucleotide (because the occur at a single point), it substitutes one nucleotide for another (example: T-A gets replaced with C-G)
What is a frameshift mutation?
Inserting or deleting a nucleotide, shifting the ‘reading frame’ of the genetic message
What are chromosomal mutations?
- Large scale, affecting many genes
- Resulting in rearranged chromosome parts, abnormal numbers of individual chromosomes, or abnormal numbers of chromosome sets
What is a deletion mutation?
One or more genes are removed
What is a duplication mutation?
Copying of a chromosomal segment
What is an inversion mutation?
A segment is reinserted in the same place but in the reverse order
What is a translocation mutation?
Segment is removed from one chromosome and inserted into another
What is a nondisjunction mutation?
Chromosomes fail to separate properly during meiosis, causing a baby with a missing or an extra chromosome
