Mutations

Question 1

define mutation and state when it occurs

Answer 1

a change to nucleotide sequence of DNA. Occurs during interphase

Question 2

mutagenic agent

Answer 2

increases the rate of mutation to above normal levels

Question 3

3 types of mutagenic agent

Answer 3

base analogs - chemicals which substitute for a normal base (cause substitution)
radiation e.g UV - changes structure of DNA
change DNA bases - chemicals that react with DNA and change is structure (cause substitutions/deletion)

Question 4

substitution

is there a definite effect?

Answer 4

one base swapped for another

- can have no effect because DNA is degenerate or only cause a single amino acid change

Question 5

addition

Answer 5

extra base added

Question 6

deletion

Answer 6

base removed - causes a frame shift so all triples following are affected

Question 7

inversion
effects?
is there a frame shift

Answer 7

a sequence of bases are reversed

• can cause no change or change a few amino acids
• no

Question 8

duplication

Answer 8

one or more bases repeated

Question 9

translocation

Answer 9

sequence of DNA removed from 1 part of the genome and moved to another part

Question 10

universal

Answer 10

genetic molecule is the same for all living organisms

Question 11

non overlapping

Answer 11

each DNA triplet is separate from each other

Question 12

degenerate

Answer 12

the same amino acid can be coded for by more than 1 triplet