chromosome mutations and effects of mutations

Question 1

when does chromosome non-disjunction occur and what happens

Answer 1

occurs during meiosis I or II when chromosomes don’t separate properly leaving an uneven number of chromosomes in gametes

Question 2

if there is no change to amino acid sequence in spite of a mutation:

Answer 2

• DNA is degenerate so amino acids can be coded for by more than 1 triplet

Question 3

if there is a change to a single DNA base :

- results in…

Answer 3

• changes 1 DNA triplet so
• changes the translation of 1 amino acid
• changing the primary structure of the protein
• changing the internal hydrogen and ionic bonding
• changing the tertiary structure of the protein

Question 4

if there is a change to many amino acids :

- result of ? leading to?

Answer 4

• usually result of frame shift which changes the sequence of all following triplets
• changes all the amino acids in following sequence
• changes primary structure
• changes hydrogen/ionic bonding
• changes tertiary structure