Mutation And Gene Expression

Question 1

What is a mutation

Answer 1

Any change in the base sequences of the DNA

Question 2

What increases likelihood of genetic mutation

Answer 2

Presence of mutagenic agents

Question 3

Types of mutations

Answer 3

Substitution- bases are swapped, deletion- bases are deleted, addition- bases are added, duplication- bases are repeated, inversion- bases are reversed, translocation- bases move from pne section of the genome to another

Question 4

What can mutation cause

Answer 4

Genetic disorders or inherited disordered that can increase likelihood of developing abnormalities such as cancer

Question 5

Why is mutation not always effecting the amino acid

Answer 5

They are degenerate meaning that multiple sets of codons can code for the same amino acid meaning it has an invisible effect

Question 6

What mutations are mostly likely to make a difference

Answer 6

Addition and deletion as it changes the number of genes meaning there is a frameshift

Question 7

What is cancer

Answer 7

Cancer- uncontrolled mitosis/cell division

Question 8

What does the cancer cell division lead to

Answer 8

Tumours and growths

Question 9

What do tumours do

Answer 9

They invade and destroy surrounding tissue

Question 10

What are the 2 types of genes that control cell division

Answer 10

Tumour suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes

Question 11

What are tumour suppressor genes

Answer 11

TSG can be inactivated if a mutation occurs in the DNA sequence. Went functioning normally TSG slow down cell division by producing proteins that stop cell division