Mutation

Question 1

is a DNA molecule that is tightly coiled around proteins called histones

Answer 1

chromosome

Question 2

support its structure, to form thread-like structures.

Answer 2

histones

Question 3

Five types of chromosomal mutations

Answer 3

Deletion
Inversion
Translocation
Nondisjunction
Duplication

Question 4

 Due to breakage
 A piece of a chromosome is lost

Answer 4

Deletion

Question 5

 Chromosome segment breaks off
 Segment flips around backwards
 Segment reattaches

Answer 5

Inversion

Question 6

 Involves two chromosomes that are
NOT homologous
 Part of one chromosome is transferred to another chromosome

Answer 6

Translocation

Question 7

 Failure of chromosomes to separate during
meiosis
 Causes gamete to have too many or too few
chromosomes

Answer 7

Nondisjunction

Question 8

Disorders may get in nondisjunction mutation

Answer 8

Down syndrome
Turner syndrome
Klinefelter’s
Syndrome

Question 9

also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic
disorder caused by the presence
of all or part of a third copy of
chromosome 21.

Answer 9

Down syndrome (DS or DNS),

Question 10

single X chromosome A condition that affects only females, results when one of the X chromosomes (sex chromosomes) is missing or partially missing.

Answer 10

Turner Syndrome

Question 11

A genetic disorder that affects
males. ___
occurs when a boy is born with
one or more extra X
chromosomes.

Answer 11

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

Question 12

 Occurs when a gene sequence is
repeated

Answer 12

Duplication

Question 13

 Change of a single nucleotide
 Includes the deletion, insertion, or
substitution of ONE nucleotide in a gene
 Sickle Cell disease is the result of one
nucleotide substitution
 Occurs in the hemoglobin gene

Answer 13

Point Mutations

Question 14

• A __ is a mutation that
  exchanges one base for another

Answer 14

Substitutions

Question 15

• The addition of one or more
  nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence

Answer 15

Insertions

Question 16

• A part of a chromosome or a
  sequence of DNA is lost during DNA replication.
  Any number of nucleotides can be deleted,
  from a single base to an entire piece of
  chromosome

Answer 16

Deletions

Question 17

 Inserting or deleting one or more
nucleotides
 Changes the “reading frame” like
changing a sentence
 Proteins built incorrectly

Answer 17

Frameshift

Question 18

Types of gene mutation

Answer 18

Points mutation
Substitutions
Insertions
Deletions
Frameshift