Mutation

Question 1

Any change to the quantity or structure of the DNA of an organism

Answer 1

Mutation

Question 2

A change to one or more of the nucleotide bases or their rearrangement

Answer 2

Gene mutation

Question 3

Substitution mutation

Answer 3

If a nucleotide is changed in the DNA sequence

Question 4

If the base change results in the formation of a stop codon

Answer 4

Nonsense mutation

Question 5

If the base change results in a code for a different amino acid completely

Answer 5

Mis-sense mutation

Question 6

Silent mutation

Answer 6

If the base change still codes for the same amino acid as before (as code is degenerate)

Question 7

If one or more nucleotides is lost from the DNA sequence, normally resulting in a ‘frame shift’ to the left in translation

Answer 7

Deletion

Question 8

Mutagen (mutagenic agent)

Answer 8

A material or other factor which increases the normal mutation rate eg high energy radiation, chemicals

Question 9

A mutation in which a section of a chromosome is moved from one position to another, either within the same chromosome or to another chromosome.

Answer 9

Translocation

Question 10

Inversion

Answer 10

A mutation in which a segment of a chromosome breaks off and is reinserted in the same place but in the reverse direction relative to the rest of the chromosome.

Question 11

Addition

Answer 11

A mutation in which one or more nucleotides is inserted into a DNA sequence, normally resulting in a ‘frameshift’ to the right in translation.

Question 12

A mutation in which one or more pieces of DNA are copied.

Answer 12

Duplication