Genome Projects

Question 1

All of the genetic material in an organism.

Answer 1

Genome

Question 2

Complete proteome

Answer 2

The full range of proteins coded for by the genome. (Identified by gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry).

Question 3

refers to the proteins produced by a given type of cell under a certain set of conditions.

Answer 3

Cellular proteome

Question 4

The sum of all the epigenetic changes in a cell.

Answer 4

Epigenome

Question 5

Initial method of sequencing genomes that requires terminator nucleotides, free nucleotides, primers, DNA polymerase and result in multiple fragments of varying length, which allows the DNA sequence to be determined.

Answer 5

Sanger sequencing

Question 6

International scientific research project to determine the nitrogenous base pair sequence which make up human DNA, identifying and mapping all the genes of the human genome

Answer 6

Human Genome Project

Question 7

Faster, more recent sequencing methods that are continually developing and becoming more efficient, powerful and cost effective.

Answer 7

Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)

Question 8

Whole-genome (shotgun) sequencing

Answer 8

Focuses on sequencing all of the DNA in an organism’s genome by cutting the DNA into many small, easily sequenced sections then uses computer algorithms to align overlapping segments to assemble the entire genome.

Question 9

Method of separating out negatively charged DNA fragments by applying a current. The smaller fragments will move quicker towards the positive anode.

Answer 9

DNA electrophoresis