Mutation

Question 1

What are the small-scale mutation. There are 5 what are they?

Answer 1

1. Point Mutation
2. Substitution Mutation
3. Inversion
4. Insertion
5. Deletion

Question 2

When “one or more bases” in the sequence is REPLACED by the same number of bases

Answer 2

Substitution Mutation

Question 3

When a base is DELETED from the sequence.

Answer 3

Deletion

Question 4

When a segment of a chromosome is “reversed end to end”

Answer 4

Inversion

Question 5

When a base is ADDED to the sequence.

Answer 5

Insertion

Question 6

A change in one base in the DNA sequence

Answer 6

Point Mutation

Question 7

Defined as a change in a DNA sequence

Answer 7

Mutation

Question 8

Effects of small-scale mutation?

Answer 8

• Silent Mutation
• Missense Mutation
• Nonsense Mutation

Question 9

One of the effects of small-scale mutation: the nucleotide is replaced, but the codon still produces the “same amino acid”.

Answer 9

Silent Mutation

Question 10

Effects of small-scale mutation: the codon now results in a “STOP” command, truncating the protein at the location where the mutated codon is read

Answer 10

Nonsense Mutation

Question 11

Effects of small-scale mutation: the codon now results in a “different amino acid, which may or may not significantly alter the protein’s function.

Answer 11

Missense Mutation

Question 12

Chargaff’s Rules A =_____ and G = ________

Answer 12

A= T
G= C

Question 13

What are the stop codons

Answer 13

UAA
UAG
UGA

Question 14

6 Large-scale mutation what are they?

Answer 14

1. Deletion
2. Duplication
3. Inversion
4. Insertion
5. Translocation
6. Nondisjunction

DIDINT

Question 15

The use of living organisms or their products to modify human health and human environment?

Answer 15

Biotechnology

Question 16

• Unnatural selection.
• process of breeding plants and animals for particular genetic traits.
• certain traits are enhanced by selectively killing the organisms that doesn’t have the desired traits.

Answer 16

Selective Breeding

Question 17

What are the selecting breeding methods

Answer 17

Hybridization and Inbreeding

Question 18

” continued breeding “ of individuals with similar characteristics “to maintain desirable characteristics.”

Answer 18

Inbreeding

Question 19

Crossing “ dissimilar individuals to bring the best” of both organisms resulting to hybrids.

Answer 19

Hybridization

Question 20

It is the direct human manipulation of an organisms genetic material that does not occur under natural Conditions.

Answer 20

Genetic engineering

Question 21

The process in which “ fragments” of DNA from one of more different organisms”are cut and combined” to form recombinant DNA

Answer 21

Gene Splicing

Question 22

“Results from combining two or more sequences” that do not normally occur together through gene splicing.

Answer 22

Recombination

Question 23

A variant of maize that is genetically altered to express_____ toxins which is poisonous to corn borres.

Answer 23

BT corn ( Bacillus thuringensis

Question 24

Used to correct genetic disorder. An experimental form of treatment that uses gene transfer of genetic material into the cell of a patient to cure the disease.

Answer 24

Gene therapy

Question 25

A technique scientists use to make exact genetic copies of living things. Process of generating a genetically identical copy of a cell or an organism.

Answer 25

Cloning

Question 26

The codon now results in a “stop” command, truncating the protein at the location where the mutated codon is read.

Answer 26

Nonsense Mutation

Question 27

What is the 1st cloned animal?

Answer 27

Sea Urchin

Question 28

The nucleotide is replaced, but the codon still produces the same amino acid.

Answer 28

Silent Mutation

Question 29

1st cloned mammal (1996)

Answer 29

Dolly the sheep