Must Know Lists

Question 1

Treatment for VRE? is it gram pos or neg?

pertinent characteristics?

Answer 1

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1. Linezolid (oxazolidinones- 50s)
2. Tigecycline (Tetracycline derivative- 30s)
3. Daflospristin/quinupristin (Streptogramin-50s) *for life-threatening VRE

Question 2

Treatment for MRSA? is it gram pos or neg?

pertinent characteristics?

Answer 2

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1. Vancomycin (glycopeptide- MOA cell wall DALADALA, Toxicities: Nephrotox, Ototox, Thrombocytopenia)
2. Daptomycin (cell membrane)- endocarditis, sepsis
3. Linezolid (oxalidinones 30s)
4. Tigecycline (Tetracycline derivative-30s)
5. Ceftaroline (5th gen ceph)

Question 3

Antimicrobial to avoid when pregnant

Answer 3

“SAFe Children Treatment”
Sulfonamides - Kernicterus, neural tube defects
Aminoglycosides - Ototoxicity
Fluoroquinolones - Cartilage damage
Clarithromycin - Embryo toxic
Tetracyclines - Discolored teeth/inhibit bone growth

Question 4

Treatment for active TB: two phases and the drugs

Answer 4

intensive: 2 months antimycobaterials : 
Isoniazid 
Rifampin
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol 

latent: 4 months antimycobacterials
Isoniazid
Rifampin

Question 5

Gram pos or neg? and treatment?… H.Flu

Answer 5

Neg.

1. 2nd and 3rd Gen Cephalosporins

Question 6

gram pos or neg? and treatment?… S. pneumoniae

Answer 6

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1. Linezolid (Oxazolindenone- 50s subunit)
   - treats HAP, CAP
2. Levofloxacin (Fluoroquinolones- DNAsynthesis)
   - treats URI including S. Pneumonia

Question 7

gram pos or neg? and treatment? …E. Coli

- category and major pertinent traits of each option

Answer 7

Neg.

1. Amp/Amox (extended spec. PCN)
2. 1st and 2nd Gen Cephs
3. Polymixins (cell membrane, treat gram neg. exclusively)
4. Aminoglycosides (30s subunit) - only serious infections, IV, IM, topical only- Teratogen
5. FluroQ- (DNA synth)- major adverse effects, major cause Cdiff
6. Nitrofurantoin (ribosome synth) use for UTIs

Question 8

gram pos or neg? and treatment?…MSSA?

pertinent traits of each

Answer 8

"MiSSA, TriMe...i is Anti Staff"  
1. Anti-staph PCN
2. Trimethoprim (Folate synthesis- PABA)
-->clinical: alone- simple UTI, w/ Sulfamethaxole...PJP opportunistic HIV pneumonia, MSSA, MRSA, etc
Tox:  TMP"Treats Marrow Poorly"

Question 9

treatment of anaerobic cocci/rods?

pertinent characteristics of each?

Answer 9

1. Clindamycin (50s subunit- anaerobes ABOVE diaphragm)
2. Metronidazole (DNA- anaerobes BELOW diaphragm)
3. Moxifloxacin (DNA-FluroQ): GREAT absorption, lots of adverse effects, MAJOR cause of CDiff)
4. Amox/clav: (BetaLac inhibitor)
5. Pipercillin/Tazo and Ticarcillin/Clav (extended spectrum PCN w/ BetaLac inhibitor)
6. Miro, Imi, and Erta penem (carbopenems) (BROADest of BetaLactams)

Question 10

por or neg? treatment? … Cdiff

pertinent characteristics of each

Answer 10

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1. Vancomycin (oral): (cell wall DALADALA glycopeptides group)
Tox: NephroTox, Ototox, Thrombocytopenia)
2. Metronmidazole (aka flagyl) (DNA) - BELOW diaphragm anaerobe treatment,
Tox: Disulfuram Rxn

Question 11

B. Burgdorferi treatment?

Answer 11

spirochete: lyme’s disease
1. Doxycycline (30s tetracycline- fecal elimination)
2. Amoxicillin (extended spectrum PCN)
3. 2nd and 3rd cephalosporin

Question 12

what gets CAP?

Answer 12

ceforoxime (2nd gen) (…comes from H Flu)

Question 13

what gets HAP?

Answer 13

ceftazidime (3rd gen) (…comes from pseudomonas)