ADHD drugs Flashcards
what is ADHD and what are the symptoms?
Noted by the persons inability to exercise age-appropriate inhibition of behavior
Impairs academic achievement and development
Symptoms my include:
Hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention
what is the best txt therapy for ADHD?
meds and behavioral therapy
what are the 3 main drug classes for txt of ADHD?
- amphetamines
- amphetamine-like drugs
- norepi reuptake inhibitors
what are the two groups of misc. drugs for ADHD txt?
- central alpha agonist
- anti-depressants
what are the 3 amphetamine (stimulants) drugs?
Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine)
Amphetamine/dextroamphetamine (Adderall)
Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)
all end in “amphetamine”
what are the amphetamine-like (stimulants) drugs?
Methylphenidate (Ritalin and others)
Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin)
both end in “phenidate” like they wanna “date” the “amPHEtamines”
what is the NE reuptake inhibitor drug?
strattera
what is the central alpha agonist drug?
Guanfacine (Tenex/Intuniv)
clonidine (Kapvay)
what are the anti-depressants used for ADHD?
Tricyclic’s (imipramine, desipramine)
Buproprion (Wellbutrin)
what is the MOA of methylphenidate?
CNS stimulants: inhibit the reuptake of both NE and DA in the prefrontal cortex
Increases NTs in synaptic cleft and increase stimulation
what are the effects of NE and DA in the synaptic cleft? (kinda weeds)
NE & DA: improve attention, concentration, executive functions and wakefulness
DA in basal ganglia: improve hyperactivity
DA & NE in prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus: improve depression, fatigue and sleepiness.
what is the downside of ER vs CR methlyphenidates?
ER- may wear off by the time kids get home (DOA: 6-8hrs)
CR- (controlled release): better for school AND home control
Methylphenidate transdermal (Daytrana): what are the rules for use? (where to apply, how long before effect, how long to leave on, how long do effects last after you remove)
Apply to hip 2 hrs before effect needed
Remove after 9 hrs (max 16 hrs)
Last 3 hrs after patch removed
what is the MOA of the amphetamines?
Increases release of NE, DA, 5-HT from vesicular storage within presynaptic nerve terminal AND prevent reuptake
(as opposed to methylphenidate that only prevent reuptake)
do amphetamines or methylphenidates have a longer DOA ( in general)?
amphetamines (ER are 10-12 hrs)
* as opposed to methylphenidates which are more 6-8 hrs
which amphetamine is designed for less abuse potential?
vyvanse
what two isomers are often found in combo for amphetamines? (Weeds)
dextro- and levo-
* (dextro is more potent, combine for efficacy)
what are 3 different formulations for varied release of ADHD drugs?
- spheroidal abs.: different polymer layers for delayed abs.
- osmotic abs: drug exits only when osmotic pressure in stomach pushes it out
- patch: 10mg patch equivalent to 10mg pill delivered over 10 hrs
a 10mg patch of methylphenidate contains how much total active drug?
27.5mg
5 ADRs of stimulants (amphetamines and amphetamin-like)
- decreased appetite
- insomnia
- GI upset
- irritable, sad, moody
- HA
how can you txt/avoid these ADRs? : decreased appetite, insomnia, GI upset, irritable/moody, HA
- decreased appetite- high calorie bfast and dinner
- insomnia - change time they take it
- GI upset- take with food
- irritable, sad, moody - reduce dose, change to non-stimulant, a mood stabilizer or 2nd gen anti-pysch
- HA - divide dose, give with food, or lower. Give analgesic
boxed warning for amphetamines AND methylphenidates?
abuse potential, dependence
boxed warning for ONLY amphetamines
misuse can cause SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST
- contraindicated in those with heart issues
what are some things we need to monitor for with ADHD meds?
- HTN and tachy
- exacerbation of pyschosis
- seizures
- blurry vision
- tics
