music medieval period gr9 (1st quarter)

Question 1

• 400 to 1400 CE
• Also called the Middle Ages
• Most music of the Dark Ages was based upon religious subject

Answer 1

Medieval Period

Question 2

Kinds of Music created during the Middle Ages:

Answer 2

1. Music for Knights
2. Music for Nobles in the castles
3. Chants for the priests (Christian services in Cathedrals and Monasteries)

o Only songs in churches were preserved. – because of educated people of the church.

Question 3

• Official music of the Roman Catholic Church.
• Credited after Pope Gregory I
• Also known as plainsong or plainchant
• No instrumental accompaniment
• Passed along first as Oral Tradition, then notated through Neume/s.

Answer 3

Gregorian Chant

Question 4

o Uses 4 lines for the staff

o Uses either a C clef or F clef.

Answer 4

Neume

Question 5

[1 note = 1 syllable]

Answer 5

Syllabic

Question 6

[group of neumes = 1 syllable]

Answer 6

Neumatic

Question 7

[many notes = syllable]

Answer 7

Melismatic

Question 8

[1 note = many syllables]

Answer 8

Psalmodic

Question 9

• 7 tones scale used both in sacred and secular music

Answer 9

Church Modes

Question 10

2 Modes:
(Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian)

Answer 10

1. Authentic

Question 11

2 Modes:
(Hypodorian, Hypophrygian, Hypolydian, Hypomixolydian)

Answer 11

2. Plagal

Question 12

• At first, music was ______________
  Ex. Cantus Firmus – “Fixed Song”
• Then had more parts (usually parallel singing in ____, _____, or _______.)

Answer 12

• monophonic
• 4ths,5ths, or Octaves

Question 13

o First to write polyphonic setting of mass ordinary
o Notable Technique: Ars Nova

Answer 13

Guilliame de Machaut (ca.1300-1377)

Question 14

isorhythm or repeated pattern thru one or more voices

Answer 14

Ars Nova

Question 15

o By Pérotin and Léonin

o An early form of polyphony, developed in the church.

o Gregorian Chant + One or More musical lines above.

Ex. Pérotin’s Viderunt Omnes

Answer 15

Organum

Question 16

o Most important form of Early Polyphonic Music

o Adding more than one (3 or more) voices above the plainchant.

o Composed both for secular and sacred music.

Answer 16

Motet

Question 17

• The central and leading worship service of the Roman Catholics

Answer 17

Mass

Question 18

2 Parts:
– section of mass sung with varied text with each feast day.

Answer 18

Proper of the Mass

Question 19

2 Parts:
unvarying/consistent text sung almost every day.

Answer 19

Ordinary of the Mass

Question 20

5 Parts of the Ordinary: (KGCSA)

Answer 20

1. Kyrie
2. Gloria
3. Credo
4. Sanctus
5. Agnus Dei

***Best Sample: Kyrie by Machaut

Question 21

Instrumental Music

• The 14th century seen growth of importance for instrumental music.
• Hardly written, rather ________
• Became integral in court life – as accompaniment to major festivities

Answer 21

improvised

Question 22

o First composer-poets from southern France, northern Spain and Italy.
o From trobar meaning to compose, discuss, or find.
o They travel town to town performing chivalry and courtly romantic music.

Answer 22

Troubadours

Question 23

o Composer-performers that carried on the music traditions of troubadours.

o Also known as minnesingers in Germany.

o Songs are about: love, crusade, dance, and spinning songs.

Answer 23

Trouvères

Question 24

– acrobat performers and considered under the lowest social level

Answer 24

Minstrels/Jongleurs

Question 25

• French trouvère, also known as Adam le Bossu (or Adam the Hunchback)
• Accomplished composer of rondeaux, chansons, motets, and jeux partis.

Answer 25

Adam de la Halle (ca.1245-1288)

Question 26

• 1280s, Most Famous Work: ______________

Answer 26

Le Jeu de Robin et de Marion

Question 27

long metal instruments usually used for fanfares.

Answer 27

Trumpet

Question 28

trombone ancestor

Answer 28

Sackbut

Question 29

Reed instrument, looks like an Oboe

Answer 29

Shawm

Question 30

goat or sheep skin with reeds

Answer 30

Bagpipe

Question 31

pair of drum instruments

Answer 31

Nakers

Question 32

small drum

Answer 32

Tabor

Question 33

Bas (soft) Musical Instruments
(first 3)

Answer 33

1. Flute
2. Recorder
3. Harp

Question 34

like a violin ancestor

Answer 34

Fiddle

Question 35

works like a guitar but pear shaped and bent neck

Answer 35

Lute

Question 36

only instrument allowed by the church

Answer 36

Positive Organ