Musculoskeleton System

Question 1

Functions of the skeleton

Answer 1

1. Provides framework
2. Attachment points for muscles
3. Protects vital organs
4. Storing essential minerals
5. Produces red blood cells

Question 2

Functions of the muscles

Answer 2

1. Create movement
2. Maintain posture
3. Maintain bodily functions
4. Generate heat

Question 3

Movement types created by muscle action

Answer 3

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Rotation
Circumduction
Pronation
Supination
Dorsi flexion
Plantar flexion

Question 4

Characteristics of muscle tissue

Answer 4

Excitability
Extensibility
Contractability
Elasticity

Question 5

Origin

Answer 5

The origin of a muscle is the attachment onto the bone that does not move when the muscle contracts
One origin of a muscle is the attachment point at the proximal end (closer to the midline of the body)

Question 6

Insertion

Answer 6

The insertion is attached to the bone which moves when the muscle contracts
Insertion of a muscle is the attachment point at the distal (further from midline of the body)

Question 7

Agonist

Answer 7

The agonist (prime is mover) the muscle responsible for movement

Question 8

Antagonist

Answer 8

The muscle which relaxes to allow movement to occur is called the antagonist

Question 9

Reciprocal inhibition

Answer 9

The term reciprocal inhibition is used to describe the coordinated relaxing of muscles on one side of a joint to accomodate contraction in the other side of that joint

Question 10

Flexion

Answer 10

Joint angle decreasing

Question 11

Extension

Answer 11

Joint angle increasing

Question 12

Abduction

Answer 12

Movement away from the midline body

Question 13

Adduction

Answer 13

Movement towards the midline body

Question 14

Rotation

Answer 14

When a part turns on its axis

Question 15

Circumduction

Answer 15

Circular movement of a limb

Question 16

Pronation

Answer 16

Palm facing down

Question 17

Supination

Answer 17

Palm facing up

Question 18

Dorsi flexion

Answer 18

Decreases angle in ankle (toes up)

Question 19

Plantar flexion

Answer 19

Increases angle in ankle (toes down)

Question 20

Excitability

Answer 20

The ability to contract in response to chemical and/or electrical signals

Question 21

Extensibility

Answer 21

The capacity of a muscle to stretch beyond its normal resting length

Question 22

Contractability

Answer 22

The ability of a muscle to contract or shorten

Question 23

Elasticity

Answer 23

The ability of a muscle to return to the original resting length after it has been stretched

Question 24

Bones (15)

Answer 24

Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Pelvis
Sternum
Ribs
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Tarsals
Metatarsals

Question 25

Muscles (15)

Answer 25

Biceps
Triceps
Gastrocnemius
Trapezius
Deltoid
Quadriceps
Hamstrings
Tibialis anterior
Adductor group
Latissimus dorsi
Soleus
Abdominal
Gluteus
Pectorals
Hip flexors

Question 26

How do muscles help us to move

Answer 26

When a muscle contracts, it pulls on 1 of the 2 bones to which it is attached, creating movement. All muscles work across a joint and when contraction occurs, movement takes place

Question 27

Concentric and eccentric

Answer 27

Concentric - shorten of the muscle
Eccentric - lengthen of the muscle