Musculoskeleton System Flashcards
Functions of the skeleton
- Provides framework
- Attachment points for muscles
- Protects vital organs
- Storing essential minerals
- Produces red blood cells
Functions of the muscles
- Create movement
- Maintain posture
- Maintain bodily functions
- Generate heat
Movement types created by muscle action
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Rotation
Circumduction
Pronation
Supination
Dorsi flexion
Plantar flexion
Characteristics of muscle tissue
Excitability
Extensibility
Contractability
Elasticity
Origin
The origin of a muscle is the attachment onto the bone that does not move when the muscle contracts
One origin of a muscle is the attachment point at the proximal end (closer to the midline of the body)
Insertion
The insertion is attached to the bone which moves when the muscle contracts
Insertion of a muscle is the attachment point at the distal (further from midline of the body)
Agonist
The agonist (prime is mover) the muscle responsible for movement
Antagonist
The muscle which relaxes to allow movement to occur is called the antagonist
Reciprocal inhibition
The term reciprocal inhibition is used to describe the coordinated relaxing of muscles on one side of a joint to accomodate contraction in the other side of that joint
Flexion
Joint angle decreasing
Extension
Joint angle increasing
Abduction
Movement away from the midline body
Adduction
Movement towards the midline body
Rotation
When a part turns on its axis
Circumduction
Circular movement of a limb
Pronation
Palm facing down
Supination
Palm facing up
Dorsi flexion
Decreases angle in ankle (toes up)
Plantar flexion
Increases angle in ankle (toes down)
Excitability
The ability to contract in response to chemical and/or electrical signals
Extensibility
The capacity of a muscle to stretch beyond its normal resting length
Contractability
The ability of a muscle to contract or shorten
Elasticity
The ability of a muscle to return to the original resting length after it has been stretched
Bones (15)
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Pelvis
Sternum
Ribs
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Muscles (15)
Biceps
Triceps
Gastrocnemius
Trapezius
Deltoid
Quadriceps
Hamstrings
Tibialis anterior
Adductor group
Latissimus dorsi
Soleus
Abdominal
Gluteus
Pectorals
Hip flexors
How do muscles help us to move
When a muscle contracts, it pulls on 1 of the 2 bones to which it is attached, creating movement. All muscles work across a joint and when contraction occurs, movement takes place
Concentric and eccentric
Concentric - shorten of the muscle
Eccentric - lengthen of the muscle
