Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NPTE - Musculoskeletal System > Musculoskeletal System - Therapeutic Exercise > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System - Therapeutic Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

List the benefits of PROM

A
  • Improves mobility
  • Prevents joint contracture
  • Improves circulation
  • Improves synovial fluid movement
  • Decreases pain
  • Improves patient’s awareness of movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the benefits of AAROM

A
  • Improves mobility
  • Prevents joint contracture
  • Improves circulation
  • Improves synovial fluid movement
  • Decreases pain
  • Improves neuromuscular activity
  • Improves kinesthesia and proprioception
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List the benefits of AROM

A
  • Improves mobility
  • Prevents joint contracture
  • Improves circulation
  • Improves synovial fluid movement
  • Decreases pain
  • Improves neuromuscular activity
  • Improves kinesthesia and proprioception
  • Improves strength in very weak muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List the contraindications to stretching

A
  • Acute inflammation
  • Soft tissue healing (following tendon repair)
  • ROM limited by bone-on-bone contact
  • Recent fracture
  • Hypermobility
  • Hypomobility that allows for improved function (tenodesis grip)
  • Acute pain with stretch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe elasticity, a principle of stretching

A

Ability of soft tissue to return to its previous length after a stretch is no longer applied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe viscoelasticity, a principle of stretching

A
  • Time-dependent
  • Initial resistance to stretch
  • Tissue elongation as the stretch is held for longer duration
  • Will return to previous length (elasticity principle)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe plasticity, a principle of stretching

A

Allows for tissue elongation, even after a stretch is no longer applied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the stress-strain curve, a principle of stretching

A

Depicts the relationship between force (stress) and deformation (strain) of the connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe creep, a principle of stretching

A
  • Soft tissue that is stretched for a sustained duration will elongate and not return to its original length after the load has been removed
  • This principle is the basis of stretching!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe stress-relaxation, a principle of stretching

A
  • The longer a stretching force is maintained, the more tension within the tissue decreases
  • Therefore less force is required to maintain the same tissue length
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe static stretching

A
  • Low intensity, long duration
  • Less activation of muscle spindles, thus less resistance to stretch
  • 30” holds results in significant ROM gains
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe ballistic stretching

A
  • Quick, jerky movements
  • Rapid change in muscle length
  • High intensity, short duration
  • Activates the muscle spindles, resulting in greater resistance to stretch
  • Not nearly as effective to prepare for athletic activity
  • Likely to lead to muscle soreness and injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe PNF (proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation)

A
  • Incorporates active muscle contractions into stretching
  • Effective at treating ROM limitations due to muscle spasm as opposed to connective tissue tightness
  • Techniques include contract-relax, agonist contraction, and contract-relax with agonist contraction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe dynamic stretching

A
  • End-range movement held only briefly and repeatedly
  • Commonly used to “warm-up” to prepare for athletic activity
  • Effective at preparing body for explosive movements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the connective tissue layers (3) of the muscle anatomy

A
  • Endomysium is the innermost connective tissue layer that covers individual muscle fibers
  • Perimysium is the connective tissue later that groups bundles of muscle fibers (fasciclus)
  • Epimysium is the outermost connective tissue layer that surrounds the entire muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the subunits of muscle fibers in muscle anatomy

A
  • Muscle fiber cells made up of subunits called myofibrils
  • Myofibrils made up of sarcomeres (smallest unit of a muscle with contractile ability)
  • Sarcomeres made up of actin an myosin (allow for muscle contraction and relaxation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Submaximal isometric exercises are typically used in which setting?

A

Rehabilitation programs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

List the objective findings achieved/found with isometric exercise

A
  • Peak and average force data
  • Reaction time data
  • Rate of motor recruitment
  • Maximal exertion data
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

List the objective findings found/achieved with isokinetic exercise

A
  • Power
20
Q

Describe intensity, a resistance training parameter

A
  • Intensity of training determined by the amount of weight used
  • May be expressed as individual’s 1RM
21
Q 
Match intensity (Very high, high, and low) with it’s appropriate repetition range and goal of treatment
(Ex: Intensity — # — Endurance)
A
  • Very high intensity — 1-3 — Power
  • High intensity — 6-12 — Strength
  • Low intensity — 20+ — Endurance
22
Q

Describe volume, a resistance training parameter

A
  • Total amount of work performed

- Calculation: repetitions multiplied by intensity

23
Q

Describe frequency, a resistance training parameter

A
  • Times/wk
24
Q

Match frequency to intensity

A
  • More intense exercise — 2-3x/wk

- Those in rehabilitation programs — Several times per day (if the intensity and volume is kept low)

25
Q

Elaborate on exercise sequence, a resistance training parameter

A
  • Large muscle groups before small
  • Multi-joint exercises before single-joint
  • High-intensity exercise before low-intensity
26
Q

Elaborate on rest interval (based on intensity), a resistance training parameter

A
  • High-intensity — 3’ or more

- Low-intensity — 1-2’

27
Q

Explain the DeLorme protocol for training

A
  • 1st set — 10 reps x 50% of 10RM
  • 2nd set — 10 reps x 75% of 10RM
  • 3rd set — 10 reps x 100% of 10RM
28
Q

Explain the Oxford Technique protocol for training

A
  • 1st set — 10 reps x 100% of 10RM
  • 2nd set — 10 reps x 75% of 10RM
  • 3rd set — 10 reps x 50% of 10RM
29
Q

Describe the overload principle

A

Load that is placed on a muscle must be greater than what it is normally accustomed to

30
Q

Describe the SAID principle

A
  • (Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands)

- States that the body will adapt according to the specific type of training that is utilized

31
Q

Describe the transfer of training principle

A
  • Carryover effect

- A patient who performs exercises to improve muscle strength may also see improvements in muscle endurance

32
Q

Describe the reversibility principle

A
  • Adaptations seen with resistance training are reversible if the body is not regularly challenged with the same level of resistance or greater
33
Q

When does the reversibility principle take effect?

A

Can begin within 1-2 weeks of stopping an exercise program

34
Q

Describe the length-tension relationship

A
  • A muscle can usually produce a maximal force near its normal resting length
  • If lengthened or shortened, will likely produce less force
35
Q

Describe the force-velocity relationship

A
  • Concentric contraction — as speed increases — force of contraction decreases
  • Eccentric contraction — as speed increases — force of contraction increases
36
Q

List the 3 components of muscle performance

A
  • Power
  • Strength
  • endurance
37
Q

What is the calculation for power

A

Work / Time

38
Q

What is the calculation for work

A

Load x ROM (distance)

39
Q

In strength and endurance training, many adaptations are found. What are the adaptations do the two have in common?

A
  • Increased energy stores
  • Increased tensile strength of tendons and ligaments
  • Increased bone mineral density
  • Decreased body fat percentage
40
Q

Which adaptations are seen in strength training ONLY?

A
  • Muscle fiber hypertrophy
  • Fiber type remodeling from IIB to IIA
  • Increased neuromuscular activity
  • Increase lean body mass
  • Decreased or no change in capillary bed density
  • Decreased mitochondrial density
41
Q

Which adaptations are seen in endurance training ONLY?

A
  • Increased capillary bed density

- Increased mitochondrial density

42
Q

Describe DOMS and it’s symptoms

A
  • (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness)
  • Tenderness to palpation at the muscle belly or the muscle-tendon junction
  • Soreness with passive stretching
  • Soreness with active contraction
  • Decreased ROM
  • Decreased strength
43
Q

Which method of exercise leads to high risk of DOMS?

A
  • High-intensity, eccentric loading
44
Q

Though the Valsalva maneuver may be useful in certain situations (listing a heavy box and stabilizing the spine during heavy exertion), when is it contraindicated? Which system is it most taxing to?

A
  • Undesirable effects on the cardiovascular system
  • HTN
  • CAD
  • Stroke
  • Intervertebral disk pathology
  • Recent eye surgery
45
Q

How do you teach a patient to avoid using the Valsalva maneuver?

A

Breathe rhythmically and exhale during the portion of exercise that requires the most exertion

NPTE - Musculoskeletal System (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions