Musculoskeletal System - Splints And Orthotics Flashcards
1
Q
Distal Interphalangeal Split
A
- Immobilizes the DIP to heal an injury or rest a painful/inflamed joint
Indications:
- Mallet finger (heal the extensor tendon in a slightly hyperextended or neutral position)
- Distal phalanx fracture
- DIP joint arthritis
2
Q
Ulnar Gutter Splint
A
- Covers the ulnar side of the forearm and hand as well as the 4th and 5th digits
- Keeps 4th and 5th MCP in 60-90* flexion, IP in full extension, wrist in slight extension
Indications: - Metacarpal fracture - Phalanx fracture Indications: - Metacarpal fracture - Phalanx fracture
3
Q
Radial Gutter Splint
A
- Covers the radial side of the forearm and hand as well as 2nd and 3rd digits
- Thenar hole to allow for free thumb movement
- Immobilizes the metacarpals and phalanges to heal a fracture
Indications:
- Metacarpal fracture
- Phalanx fracture
4
Q
Thumb Spica Splint
A
- Covers the radial side of the forearm and hand as well as the thumb
- Covers entire thumb or stops at the proximal phalanx (to allow for IP motion)
- Immobilizes wrist and thumb MCP
- Keeps wrist in 20* ext, MCP in slight flexion
Indications:
- Gamekeeper’s thumb
- Scaphoid fracture
- 1st metacarpal fracture
- DeQuervain’s syndrome
- Other thumb injuries
5
Q
Volar/Dorsal Forearm Splint
A
- Extends from proximal forearm to metacarpal heads
- Allows full elbow and MCP joint motion
- Thenar hole to allow free thumb movement
- Immobilizes the wrist
- Keeps hand and wrist in functional position; wrist in 20* ext (finger flexors shorten and have a mechanical advantage for grasping)
Indications:
- Carpal fracture
- Distal radius fracture
- Ulnar fracture
- Sprain
- Tendonitis
6
Q
Sugar Tong Splint
A
- Wraps from volar surface of hand and forearm, around the elbow, and up the palmar surface of forearm and hand
- Allows for greater immobilization than a volar/dorsal forearm splint
- Limits supination, pronation, and any wrist motion
- Keeps elbow in 90* flexion, wrist/forearm in neutral
Indications:
- Carpal fracture
- Distal radius fracture
- Ulnar fracture
7
Q
Long Arm Splint
A
- Covers posterior elbow joint
- Spans from wrist to distal humerus
- Immobilizes elbow flexion, extension, forearm supination and pronation
- Keeps elbow in 90* flexion and forearm neutral
Indications:
- Elbow fracture
- Proximal forearm fracture
- Tendonitis
- Tendon repair
8
Q
Corset
A
- Fabric with metal uprights to provide pressure and relieve pain
Indications:
- Mid and low back pathologies
9
Q
Halo Vest Orthosis
A
- Invasive cervical thoracic orthosis
- Full restriction of all cervical motion
- Metal ring with 4 posts attached to a vest, stabilized by 4 pins inserted thru the skull
Indications:
- Cervical spine injuries to prevent further damage or dislocation during recovery
10
Q
Milwaukee Orthosis
A
- Promotes spinal realignment 2* to traction effect via 3-point structure (at occiput vs pelvis)
- Custom made CTLSO
- Corrective padding applied to areas of severity of curve
- Better for females (who are more at risk for scoliosis and also have better pelvic “shelf” for the orthosis to be held up
Indications:
- Scoliosis
11
Q
Taylor Brace
A
- Limits trunk flexion and extension
- 3-point control design
12
Q
TLSO
A
- Prevents all trunk motion
Indications:
- Post-op stabilization
- Low thoracic or lumbar SCI
- Hyper-extension TLSO for protruding lumbar discs or lumbar discectomy
13
Q
Foot Orthosis
A
- Worn inside shoe
- Often custom molded
Indications
- Poor foot alignment
- Hyperpronation
- PFPS caused by hyperpronation
- Plantar fasciitis
14
Q
AFO are generally indicated for what conditions? How are they casted/in what position? Describe the AFO itself.
A
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Nerve lesions
- Hemiplegia
- Casted in subtalar neutral
- 2 metal uprights connected proximally to a calf band and distally to a mechanical ankle joint and shoe
- May be locked into place
- May allow anterior/posterior capability
15
Q
Plastic AFO
A
- Cosmetic
- Lighter
- Requires minimal fluctuation of edema (if present)
