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Pathophysiology > Musculoskeletal System PPT > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System PPT Flashcards

1
Q

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

A

bone marrow

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2
Q

Functions of bone: (5)

A

support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell formation

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3
Q

What type of bone?

shaft plus two ends, primarily consists of compact bone with some spongy bone in its interior.

A

long

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4
Q

What type of bone?

Square-like in shape, contains mostly spongy bone

A

short

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5
Q

What type of bone?

Thin, flattened and often curved, two roughly parallel compact bone surfaces with a layer of spongy bone between.

A

flat

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6
Q

What type of bone?

Many projections, vary in shape, mainly spongy bone enclosed by thin layers of compact bone

A

irregular

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7
Q 
A fibrous connective tissue that covers bone
Contains osteoblasts (bone forming cells), blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels
A

periosteum

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8
Q

when ___ is stretched or torn, it results in PAIN

A

periosteum

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9
Q

Lines medullary cavity, also contains osteoblasts

A

endosteum

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10
Q

Shaft; Compact bone surrounding a medullary cavity containing marrow

A

Diaphysis

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11
Q

end of bone; contains epiphyseal line/plate

A

Epiphyses

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12
Q

Made up of spongy bone covered by compact bone, ends are covered with hyaline cartilage for articulation between bones

A

Epiphyses

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13
Q

A remnant of the epiphyseal plate following ossicfication or closure of the growth plate during adolescence or early adulthood

A

epiphyseal line

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14
Q

Hollow tube-like structure in diaphysis lined with endosteum which contains osteoblasts required for bone repair and remodeling

A

Medullary cavity

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15
Q

___ marrow is replaced with ___ marrow in adults.

What type of bone?

A

red, yellow, long

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16
Q

Where is red bone marrow found in adults? (5)

A

cranium, vertebral bodies, ribs, sternum, ilia

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17
Q

where is bone marrow aspiration for diagnosis of leukemia done? (2)

A

sternum, ilia

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18
Q

decrease in bone mass and density

A

osteoporosis

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19
Q

funtions of skeletal muscle: (4)

A
  1. Facilitates movement
  2. Maintains body position by muscle tone
  3. Stabilize joints
  4. Maintain body temperature by producing heat through muscle contraction
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20
Q

striated muscle is dpund in what type of muscle cells?

A

skeletal

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21
Q

bundles of muscle fibers covered by connective tissue

A

striated muscle

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22
Q

tumors can arise in both ___ and ___ muscle

A

striated. smooth

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23
Q

a ___ attaches end of the muscle to the bone to articulate at a joint

A

tendon

24
Q

a ___ attaches 2 bones

A

ligament

25
Q

a tear in __ is a strain

A

tendon

26
Q

a tear in __ is a sprain

A

ligament

27
Q

have little blood supply and healing is difficult and slow: (2)

A

tendon, ligament

28
Q

most common type of joint in body

A

synovial joint

29
Q

most common type of joint in body

A

synovial joint

30
Q

lines the joint space at the edge of the articulating cartilage, produces synovial fluid, well supplied with blood vessels

A

synovial membrane

31
Q

fluid filled sacs composed of synovial membrane and act as additional cushions in the joint

A

bursae

32
Q

insertion of lens directly into joint space

A

arthroscopy

33
Q

Diagnostic tests for disease of joint(s): (3)

A

arthroscopy, MRI, removal (and testing) of synovial fluid

34
Q

Break in the rigid structure or continuity of the bone

A

fracture

35
Q

Type of fracture:

single break in the bone; bone ends maintain alignment and position

A

simple

36
Q

Type of fracture:

multiple fracture lines and bone fragments

A

Comminuted

37
Q

Type of fracture:

bone is crushed or collapses into small pieces, common in vertebrae

A

compression

38
Q

Type of fracture:

one end of the bone is forced or telescopes into adjacent bone; head of femur into pelvis

A

impacted

39
Q

Type of fracture:

from weakness in bone structure due to pathological conditions like cancer, osteoporosis

A

pathological

40
Q

Type of fracture:

results from repeated stress over time- tibia and fibula

A

stress

41
Q

Type of fracture:

fracture in skull when bone is forced inward on the brain

A

depressed

42
Q

Type of fracture:

direction of fracture line across the bone

A

transverse

43
Q

Type of fracture:

break along the axis of the bone

A

linear

44
Q

Fixing the Fracture:

treated by manipulation without surgical intervention

A

External or closed reduction

45
Q

Fixing the Fracture:
use of direct or indirect manipulation of the fracture and fragments; involves application or insertion of appliance to achieve and maintain reduction

A

open reduction

46
Q

Fixing the Fracture:

use of splint/cast

A

external fixation

47
Q

Fixing the Fracture:

use of splint/cast

A

external fixation

48
Q

Fixing the Fracture:

use of metal pins, plates, screws, rods, nails to maintain reduction

A

internal fixation

49
Q

healing in faulty position; impairs normal function, cosmetic deficiencies

A

malunion

50
Q

takes longer than normal to heal; results from infection, inadequate immobilization, limited blood supply, loss of bone at fracture site

A

delayed union

51
Q

healing process has completely stopped fragments remain ununited with prolonged immobilization; defect – fibrous tissue and cartilage

A

nonunion

52
Q

examples of ___ bone are the Humerus, femur

A

long

53
Q

examples of ___ bone are the bones of wrist and ankle

A

short

54
Q

examples of ___ bone are the Sternum, ribs, and most skull bones

A

flat

55
Q

examples of ___ bone are the Vertebrae, hip bones, mandible

A

irregular

56
Q

5 primary bone tumors:

A

osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, multiple myeloma

57
Q

cancers that mets to bone most often: (3)

A

prostate, breast, lung

Pathophysiology (12 decks)

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