Infection PPT

Question 1

The capacity of microbes to cause disease

Answer 1

Pathogenicity

Question 2

The degree of pathogenicity

Answer 2

Virulence

Question 3

Microorganisms include: (4)

Answer 3

viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa

Question 4

Things to remember about bacteria:

- how many cells?

Answer 4

• unicellar

Question 5

Things to remember about bacteria:

- nuclear membrane?

Answer 5

no nuclear membrane

Question 6

Things to remember about bacteria:

- cell wall

Answer 6

gram-negative or gram-positive

Question 7

Things to remember about bacteria:

- cytoplasm can have: (6)

Answer 7

capsule/slime layer
flagellae
pili/fimbriae
toxic substances
enzymes
spores

Question 8

Things to remember about bacteria:

- how do they reproduce?

Answer 8

binary fission

Question 9

cell divides into 2 equal parts which then continues to divide

Answer 9

binary fission

Question 10

Do bacteria need living tissue to survive?

Answer 10

no

Question 11

Things to remember about viruses:

- cell wall?

Answer 11

no cell wall

Question 12

parasite that requires a living host cell for replication

Answer 12

virus

Question 13

parasite that changes genetic makeup of the cell

Answer 13

virus

Question 14

Other microorganisms that share characteristics of both viruses and bacteria:

Answer 14

1. chlamidiae
2. rickettsiae
3. mycoplasmas

Question 15

___ lack cell walls and are a common cause of pneumonia.

Answer 15

mycoplasmas

Question 16

____ are gram-negative (but are not bacteria) and live inside host. They are transmitted by ticks and cause lyme disease and rocky mountain spotted fever.

Answer 16

rickettsiae

Question 17

Reproduces by budding, forming spores or extension of hyphae

Answer 17

fungi

Question 18

trichomoniasis, malaria, and amebic dysentary are examples of ___.

Answer 18

protozoa

Question 19

____ are eukaryotic, unicellular, lack a cell wall, and can live independently or as parasites in/on a living host.

Answer 19

protozoa

Question 20

worms

Answer 20

helminths

Question 21

mad cow’s disease is an example of ___.

Answer 21

prions

Question 22

plankton

Answer 22

algae

Question 23

source of infection

Answer 23

reservoir

Question 24

a reservoir can be a person with an ___ infection, a person who is ___, or a person who is a ___.

Answer 24

active, asymptomatic, carrier

Question 25

the major culprit for spread of infections

Answer 25

hands

Question 26

Modes of transmission: (5)

Answer 26

``` contact droplet aerosol vector-borne common vehicle ```

Question 27

Modes of transmission: | - 2 types of contact

Answer 27

direct and indirect

Question 28

Most HAIs or nosocomial infections are spread by ___ or ___.

Answer 28

direct contact, contaminated objects

Question 29

4 most common HAIs:

Answer 29

1. UTI 2. pneumonia 3. diarrhea 4. surgical wound infections

Question 30

___ increase host resistance.

Answer 30

interferons

Question 31

___ are proteins produced by human host cells in response to a viral infection. They also stimulate the immune system.

Answer 31

interferons

Question 32

Factors that decrease host resistance: (8)

Answer 32

1. infants/elderely 2. Genetic susceptibility 3. Immunodeficiency 4. Malnutrition 5. Chronic disease 6. Severe physical/emotional stress 7. Inflammation/trauma to skin or mucosa 8. Impaired Inflammatory response

Question 33

Percentage of deaths occurring in the number of persons who develop the disease

Answer 33

case fatality rate

Question 34

___ is often expressed in the case fatality rate.

Answer 34

virulence

Question 35

___ is based on: 1. invasive and/toxic qualities 2. adherence to tissue 3. ability to avoid host defenses

Answer 35

virulence

Question 36

Techniques to reduce transmission of infection: (4)

Answer 36

1. universal precaution 2. sterilization (i.e. autoclave) 3. disinfectants (i.e. wipes) 4. antiseptics (i.e. hand sanitizer)

Question 37

Wear gloves, masks protective eyewear whenever anticipate contact with blood or body secretions

Answer 37

Universal precautions

Question 38

time between entry of the organism into the body and appearance of clinical signs of disease

Answer 38

incubation period

Question 39

changes occur in the body but signs are non-specific. When someone begins to "feel as if they are coming down with something".

Answer 39

prodromal period

Question 40

disease develops fully and clinical manifestations reach a peak

Answer 40

acute period

Question 41

signs subside and body processes return to normal

Answer 41

convalescent period/recovery

Question 42

In a ___ infection the following occur: - Infection is not totally eradicated. - Organism continues to reproduce in body. - Clinical signs are present and usually milder than in acute infection. - Periodic acute episodes may recur

Answer 42

chronic

Question 43

swelling of the lymphnodes is called

Answer 43

Lymphadenopathy

Question 44

local signs and symptoms of infection: (8)

Answer 44

1. swelling 2. redness 3. warmth 4. pain 5. exudate 6. lymphadenopathy 7. coughing/sneezing 8. vomiting/diarrhea

Question 45

describe the appearance of prurulent exudate

Answer 45

thick, yellow to green to brown

Question 46

prurulent exudate occurs in what type of infection?

Answer 46

bacterial

Question 47

serous, clear exudate occurs in what type of infection?

Answer 47

viral

Question 48

systemic signs and symptoms of infection: (5)

Answer 48

1. fever 2. fatigue 3. weakness 4. headache 5. nausea

Question 49

Leukocytosis will occur in what type of infection?

Answer 49

bacterial

Question 50

Leukopenia will occur in what type of infection?

Answer 50

viral

Question 51

Neutrophils will increase in what type of infection?

Answer 51

acute infection

Question 52

lymphocytes and monocytes will increase in what type of infection?

Answer 52

chronic infection

Question 53

Congestion in the lungs or a solidification of lung tissue due to fluids and solids rather than gas that normally fills the lungs.

Answer 53

consolidation