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Pathophysiology > Infection PPT > Flashcards

Infection PPT Flashcards

1
Q

The capacity of microbes to cause disease

A

Pathogenicity

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2
Q

The degree of pathogenicity

A

Virulence

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3
Q

Microorganisms include: (4)

A

viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa

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4
Q

Things to remember about bacteria:

- how many cells?

A
  • unicellar
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5
Q

Things to remember about bacteria:

- nuclear membrane?

A

no nuclear membrane

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6
Q

Things to remember about bacteria:

- cell wall

A

gram-negative or gram-positive

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7
Q

Things to remember about bacteria:

- cytoplasm can have: (6)

A 
capsule/slime layer
flagellae
pili/fimbriae
toxic substances
enzymes
spores
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8
Q

Things to remember about bacteria:

- how do they reproduce?

A

binary fission

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9
Q

cell divides into 2 equal parts which then continues to divide

A

binary fission

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10
Q

Do bacteria need living tissue to survive?

A

no

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11
Q

Things to remember about viruses:

- cell wall?

A

no cell wall

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12
Q

parasite that requires a living host cell for replication

A

virus

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13
Q

parasite that changes genetic makeup of the cell

A

virus

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14
Q

Other microorganisms that share characteristics of both viruses and bacteria:

A
  1. chlamidiae
  2. rickettsiae
  3. mycoplasmas
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15
Q

___ lack cell walls and are a common cause of pneumonia.

A

mycoplasmas

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16
Q

____ are gram-negative (but are not bacteria) and live inside host. They are transmitted by ticks and cause lyme disease and rocky mountain spotted fever.

A

rickettsiae

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17
Q

Reproduces by budding, forming spores or extension of hyphae

A

fungi

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18
Q

trichomoniasis, malaria, and amebic dysentary are examples of ___.

A

protozoa

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19
Q

____ are eukaryotic, unicellular, lack a cell wall, and can live independently or as parasites in/on a living host.

A

protozoa

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20
Q

worms

A

helminths

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21
Q

mad cow’s disease is an example of ___.

A

prions

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22
Q

plankton

A

algae

23
Q

source of infection

A

reservoir

24
Q

a reservoir can be a person with an ___ infection, a person who is ___, or a person who is a ___.

A

active, asymptomatic, carrier

25
Q

the major culprit for spread of infections

A

hands

26
Q

Modes of transmission: (5)

A 
contact
droplet
aerosol
vector-borne
common vehicle
27
Q

Modes of transmission:

- 2 types of contact

A

direct and indirect

28
Q

Most HAIs or nosocomial infections are spread by ___ or ___.

A

direct contact, contaminated objects

29
Q

4 most common HAIs:

A
  1. UTI
  2. pneumonia
  3. diarrhea
  4. surgical wound infections
30
Q

___ increase host resistance.

A

interferons

31
Q

___ are proteins produced by human host cells in response to a viral infection. They also stimulate the immune system.

A

interferons

32
Q

Factors that decrease host resistance: (8)

A
  1. infants/elderely
  2. Genetic susceptibility
  3. Immunodeficiency
  4. Malnutrition
  5. Chronic disease
  6. Severe physical/emotional stress
  7. Inflammation/trauma to skin or mucosa
  8. Impaired Inflammatory response
33
Q

Percentage of deaths occurring in the number of persons who develop the disease

A

case fatality rate

34
Q

___ is often expressed in the case fatality rate.

A

virulence

35
Q

___ is based on:

  1. invasive and/toxic qualities
  2. adherence to tissue
  3. ability to avoid host defenses
A

virulence

36
Q

Techniques to reduce transmission of infection: (4)

A
  1. universal precaution
  2. sterilization (i.e. autoclave)
  3. disinfectants (i.e. wipes)
  4. antiseptics (i.e. hand sanitizer)
37
Q

Wear gloves, masks protective eyewear whenever anticipate contact with blood or body secretions

A

Universal precautions

38
Q

time between entry of the organism into the body and appearance of clinical signs of disease

A

incubation period

39
Q

changes occur in the body but signs are non-specific. When someone begins to “feel as if they are coming down with something”.

A

prodromal period

40
Q

disease develops fully and clinical manifestations reach a peak

A

acute period

41
Q

signs subside and body processes return to normal

A

convalescent period/recovery

42
Q

In a ___ infection the following occur:

  • Infection is not totally eradicated.
  • Organism continues to reproduce in body.
  • Clinical signs are present and usually milder than in acute infection.
  • Periodic acute episodes may recur
A

chronic

43
Q

swelling of the lymphnodes is called

A

Lymphadenopathy

44
Q

local signs and symptoms of infection: (8)

A
  1. swelling
  2. redness
  3. warmth
  4. pain
  5. exudate
  6. lymphadenopathy
  7. coughing/sneezing
  8. vomiting/diarrhea
45
Q

describe the appearance of prurulent exudate

A

thick, yellow to green to brown

46
Q

prurulent exudate occurs in what type of infection?

A

bacterial

47
Q

serous, clear exudate occurs in what type of infection?

A

viral

48
Q

systemic signs and symptoms of infection: (5)

A
  1. fever
  2. fatigue
  3. weakness
  4. headache
  5. nausea
49
Q

Leukocytosis will occur in what type of infection?

A

bacterial

50
Q

Leukopenia will occur in what type of infection?

A

viral

51
Q

Neutrophils will increase in what type of infection?

A

acute infection

52
Q

lymphocytes and monocytes will increase in what type of infection?

A

chronic infection

53
Q

Congestion in the lungs or a solidification of lung tissue due to fluids and solids rather than gas that normally fills the lungs.

A

consolidation

Pathophysiology (12 decks)

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