Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophysiology > Digestive Sys PPT > Flashcards

Digestive Sys PPT Flashcards

1
Q

Most common digestive cancers in men:

A
  1. prostate
  2. lung/bronchus
  3. colorectal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Most common digestive cancers in women:

A
  1. breast
  2. lung/bronchus
  3. colorectal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Colorectal cancer:

  • More common in __ .
  • __ cases occur in people older than 50 years of age
  • ___ in people over 50, ___ in people under 50
A

men
almost all
Declining, increasing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Colorectal cancer risk factors: (8)

A
  1. Age
  2. Diet
  3. Obesity
  4. Smoking
  5. Excessive alcohol
  6. Fam hx
  7. Chronic UC
  8. Polyps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Colorectal cancer risk factors - Diet: (2)

  1. diet high in ___, low in ___
  2. diet high in ___ meats and __ meat
A
  1. animal fat, fiber

2. processed, red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the histology of most colorectal cancers?

A

adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Colorectal cancer - the prognosis depends on: (3)

A
  1. how far it has extended in to bowel wall
  2. nodal involvement
  3. mets or not
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Colorectal cancer if caught early, 5 year survival rate:

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Colorectal cancer if not found early, prognosis is ___:

A

medium (65%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bowel layers from inner to outer:

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis (muscle layer)
serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which layer of the bowel have epithelial cells that have a rapid turnover rate?

A

mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which layer of the bowel has blood vessels, CT, nerves, glands and lymphatics and as a result nourishes the muscle layer?

A

submucosal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Layer responsible for the transport of food:

A

muscularis (muscle layer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Outer layer have what two parts:

A

Connective Tissue Layer, Peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most common site colorectal cancer mets to is ___.

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Colorectal cancer routes of spread: (3)

A
  1. direct extension
  2. lymphatics and blood
  3. seeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Colorectal cancer Spreads in a ___, rather than ___.

A

radial, longitudinally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Colorectal cancer:

Surgery is appropriate if __. Surgery may require a ___.

A

it hasn’t spread

colostomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

__ and __ are the most deadly cancers. Why?

A

Pancreatic, ovarian, late diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pancreatic cancer is rare in people under __. It occurs most often patients over ___.

A

45, 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pancreatic cancer accounts for about _% of Cancers diagnosed annually in U.S.

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pancreatic cancer risk factors: (5)

A
  1. age
  2. tobacco
  3. fam hx
  4. diabetes
  5. overweight
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pancreatic cancer signs and symptoms: (4)

A
  1. jaundice
  2. abd pain
  3. anorexia
  4. weight loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the histology of most pancreatic cancer?

A

adenocarconoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How is pancreatic cancer screened for and diagnose?

A

Imaging - MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Pancreatic cancer:

About __ of cases are diagnosed are at a later stage with 5 year survival rate of 3%

A

half

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Tumor at head of pancreas causes __ symptoms which causes __ diagnosis.

A

early, early

28
Q

Tumor at tail and body of pancreas causes __ symptoms which causes __ diagnosis.

A

no, late

29
Q

What is the most common cause of death in pancreatic cancer?

A

liver failure

30
Q

Pancreatic juices made up of ___ and ___.

A

amylase, lipase

31
Q

Amylase digests ___; lipase digests ___

A

carbohydrates, fats

32
Q

Tx for pancreatic cancer:

Surgery, Chemo and RT; RT is for ___

A

locally advanced, unresectable tumors

33
Q

Esophageal cancer:
More common in
- by how much?

A

men

- 3-4x

34
Q

Esophageal cancer:

_% of all cancers in US

A

1

35
Q

Esophageal cancer:

Usually diagnosed in patients between __ and __

A

55, 85

36
Q

Esophageal cancer:

Tx of choice is

A

RT

37
Q

Most cases of esophageal

cancer cases associated with ___ and they have a __ effect

A

alcohol and tobacco abuse, synergistic

38
Q

Other risk factors for esophageal

cancer: (5)

A
  1. Barret’s esophagus
  2. GERD
  3. Achalasia
  4. Plummer-Vinson syndrome
  5. Tylosis
39
Q

esophageal cancer:

Barett’s esophagus is an example of __

A

metaplasia

40
Q

esophageal cancer: GERD may lead to what type of cancer?

A

adeocarcinoma

41
Q

esophageal cancer: Achalasia may lead to what type of cancer?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

42
Q

esophageal cancer: Plummer-Vinson Syndrome may lead to what type of cancer?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

43
Q

esophageal cancer: Tylosis may lead to what type of cancer?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

44
Q

Mucosal change in distal esophagus from stratified squamous epithelium to columnar due to reflux leads to adenocarcinoma

A

Barett’s Esophagus

45
Q

In lower 2/3 esophagus, sphincter doesn’t work properly and food has a hard time getting in to stomach

A

Achalasia

46
Q

Membranes grow across esophagus and food can’t get through

A

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

47
Q

mutation in chromosome 17

A

Tylosis

48
Q

esophageal cancer signs and symptoms: (4)

A
  1. dysphagia
  2. weight loss
  3. feeling of food getting stuck in throat/chest
  4. burning sensation like heartburn
49
Q

Histology of esophageal cancer: (2)

A
  1. Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2. Adenocarcinoma

50
Q

Histology of esophageal cancer - squamous cell carcinoma occurs in __ and __ esophagus, is ___ common and is more often associated with ___ (a risk factor).

A

upper, middle, more, alcohol and tobacco use

51
Q

Histology of esophageal cancer - adenocarcinoma occurs in the __ esophagus

A

distal

52
Q

esophageal cancer has a __ prognosis; and is usually diagnosed in __ stage

A

poor; advanced

53
Q

Esophageal cancer tx is:

- when is radiation done?

A

Surgery, Chemo, Radiation

- after surgery

54
Q

Liver is the largest __ in the body

A

gland

55
Q

Liver: ___ is the conversion of protein and fat into glucose

A

Gluconeogenesis

56
Q

__ is secreted by liver and stored in ___ to be exported to the duodenum, bile breaks up fat

A

Bile, gallbladder

57
Q

Is the liver radiosensitive?

A

no

58
Q

Usually liver tumors are from primary cancer or mets?

A

Mets

59
Q

Liver cancer is more common in __.

- how much more common?

A

men

- 3x

60
Q

Risk factors for liver cancer: (6)

A
  1. Chronic Hep B or C
  2. Heavy alcohol
  3. diabetes
  4. obesity
  5. tobacco
  6. genetics
61
Q

Liver cancer signs and symptoms: (8)

A
  1. Weight loss
  2. loss of appetite
  3. nausea
  4. feeling very full after a small meal
  5. mass
  6. itching
  7. swelling or fluid buildup in abdomen
  8. jaundice
62
Q

How is screening and diagnosis for liver cancer done?

A

Ultasound and blood tests (LFTs)

63
Q

Most common histology for primary liver tumors is:

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

64
Q

Liver cancer has a __ prognosis

A

poor

65
Q

Is chemo used in liver cancer?

A

No

66
Q

Most common histology of oral cavity is ___

A

squamous cell carcinoma

Pathophysiology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions