Musculoskeletal System: General Information

Question 1

What does the musculoskeletal system refer to and what are 3 of its major functions?
What is another major function of the bones?

Answer 1

• refers to the muscles and the skeleton and involves all of the muscles, bones, joints, and other related structures
• orthopedics is the branch of medicine that aims to prevent and correct problems concerning the bones and the muscles

functions:

• protects
• supports
• aids in movement

The bones function to store fat in the bone marrow and to store and release minerals.

Question 2

Apart from these functions, the musculoskeletal system, particularly the bones, are essential to what?

Answer 2

Hematopoiesis- also referred to as blood production (hemat/o=blood, -poiesis=production)

Question 3

The human body is made up of 206 bones. Describe the 2 main divisions of the human skeleton.

Answer 3

axial skeleton:

• consists of 80 bones, including the bones of the skull, hyoid bone, auditory ossicles (ear bones), vertebral columns, sternum, and ribs
• functions include central weight-bearing and protection and maintenance of posture

appendicular skeleton:

• consists of 126 bones, including the shoulder girdle (scapula and clavicle), upper and lower extremities, and the pelvic bones
• functions include balance, stability, movement, and manipulation

Question 4

cranium

Answer 4

• axial skeleton
• skull
• craniotomy

Question 5

costa

Answer 5

• axial skeleton
• rib
• intercostal

Question 6

sternum

Answer 6

• axial skeleton
• breastbone
• sternotomy

Question 7

spine (vertebrae)

Answer 7

• axial skeleton
• backbone
• spondylosis

Question 8

cervical 
thoracic
lumbar
sacrum
coccyx

Answer 8

• axial skeleton
• spinal bone (cervicalgia)
• spinal cord (thoracolumbar)
• spinal cord (lumbosacral)
• spinal cord (sacroiliac)
• spinal bone (coccygeal)

Question 9

clavicle

Answer 9

• appendicular skeleton
• collarbone
• clavicular

Question 10

scapula

Answer 10

• appendicular skeleton
• shoulder blade
• subscapular