Musculoskeletal System: Bone Names and Groups

Question 1

What bones make up the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 1

• clavicle; collarbone

- scapula; shoulder blade

Question 2

What bones up the upper extremities?

Answer 2

• humerus; upper arm bone
• radius
• ulna
• carpals; wrist bones
• metacarpals; bones of the hands
• phalanges; bones of the fingers

Question 3

What are the names of the bones that make up the pelvic bone?

Answer 3

• ilium
• ischium
• pubis

Question 4

What bones make up the lower extremities?

Answer 4

• femur; thigh bone
• patella; kneecap
• fibula; bones of the lower leg
• tibia; bones of the lower legs
• tarsals; ankle bones
• calcaneus; heel bone
• metatarsals; bones of the feet
• phalanges; bones of the toes

Question 5

What is cartilage and the medical term for it?

Answer 5

• dense, elastic connective tissue that covers and protects the ends of long bones, which is replaced with bones as one matures
• chondral

Question 6

What are muscles and the 3 types?

Answer 6

• consist of cells and fibers that contract and produce body movement

cardiac muscle
- heart muscle

smooth muscle
- also known as visceral or involuntary muscle
found in the internal organs such as the stomach

skeletal

• the only muscles that can be controlled voluntarily
• attached to the bones

Question 7

What is the difference between fascia and tendons?

Answer 7

fascia- fibrous tissue that’s responsible for covering, supporting, separating, and allowing muscles to slide easily

tendons- tissue fibers that connect to the muscles of the bone

Question 8

What is articulation?

Answer 8

• commonly known as joint, is the connection between bones

- synovial joints are articulations that have cavities between adjoining bones

Question 9

What are ligaments?

Answer 9

bands of connective tissues responsible for connecting bones and cartilages and essential in supporting and strengthening joints

Question 10

What are the most common traumatic injuries sustained by the bones?

Answer 10

fractures and dislocations, but sprain and strain are usual concerns

Question 11

Cord injuries may cause paralysis or paresis. Describe these 4 types of injuries.

Answer 11

para= beside
quadri-, tetra= four
plegia= paralysis
paresis= weakness

paraplegia- paralysis of both legs

quadriplegia/tetraplegia= paralysis of upper and lower extremities

paraparesis- weakness of both legs

quadriparesis/tetraparesis- weakness of all four extremities

Question 12

Describe the four main types of infections affecting the musculoskeletal system. (-itis) means inflammation

Answer 12

(cellul/o; little cell) + itis= cellulitis

(my/o; muscle) + itis= myocellulitis

(oste/o; bones) + itis= osteitis

(chrondr/o; cartilage) + itis= osteochondritis

Question 13

What are sarcomas and the 2 different types?

Answer 13

They can be primary (starts from the bones) or secondary (starts from another tissue, but metastasizes to the bones)

sarcomas= tumors that originate from the connective tissues, such as muscles and bones

chondrosarcoma= masses of cartilage

fibrosarcoma= tumor with fibrous tissues

Question 14

What are some examples of developmental defects that cause skeletal malformation in children?

Answer 14

• spina bifida= divided into 2 parts
• scoliosis= curvature
• kyphosis- hunchback
• muscular dystrophy= bad nutrition
• carniocele= skull herniation
• tarsoptosis= ankle prolapsed

Question 15

What are some types of arthritis?

Answer 15

joint inflammation

• osteoarthritis
• rheumatoid arthritis
• spondyloarthritis
• polyarthritis

Question 16

What are some connective tissue disorders?

Answer 16

bursitis- inflammation of the bursa

lupus erythematosus- autoimmune disease involving the connective tissue

gout- acute form of arthritis caused by a metabolic disorder

ankylosis- stiffening of the joints

Question 17

Describe the suffixes involved in surgical procedures..

Answer 17

• plasty: repair
• ectomy: removal or excision
• otomy: creation of opening
• centesis: extraction of fluid from a body cavity