Diagnosis, Intervention, and Human Body Terms part 1

Question 1

What is normal range?

Answer 1

an acceptable range or “within limits”

Question 2

What is the International Classification of Diseases?

Answer 2

it is used to code and classify diagnoses and mortality data from death certificates

Question 3

What is the difference between a diagnosis and prognosis?

Answer 3

diagnosis- the identification of a disease or condition by a scientific evaluation of physical signs, symptoms, history, tests, and procedures

prognosis- predicted outcome of the disease

Question 4

What is the difference between an acute and chronic disease?

Answer 4

acute- a disease that is short and takes on a relatively severe course

chronic- a disease that exists over a long period of time

Question 5

What is the difference between signs and symptoms?

Answer 5

signs- objective or definitive evidence of an illness or ordered disfunction that are perceived by an examiner such as fever or rash or evidence established by lab testing

symptoms- subjective evidence as perceived by the patients such as pain

Question 6

What is a specimen?

Answer 6

a small sample or part taken from the body to represent the nature of the whole

Question 7

What are the 3 vital signs?

Answer 7

pule, respiration, and temperature

Question 8

What is a pulse?

Answer 8

rhythmic expansion of an artery that occurs as the heart beats; this results from the expansion and contraction of an artery as blood is forced from the heart; the rate is the count of heartbeats per minute and the normal rate in a resting state is 60 to 100 beats per minute

Question 9

What is respiration?

Answer 9

refers to the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide or breathing

Question 10

What is blood pressure?

Answer 10

the pressure exerted by circulating volume of the blood on the walls of the arteries and veins and on the chambers of the heart
systolic pressure- the first number that represents the maximum number of pressure on the artery and is the higher reading
diastolic pressure- the second number that represents the amount of pressure that still exists when the heart is relaxed and is the lower reading

Question 11

What are the 4 techniques for a physical exam?

Answer 11

inspection- examiner uses his eyes and ears to observe and listen to the patient

palpation- examiner feels the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts with the hands

percussion- examiner taps the body with the fingertips or fists to evaluate the size, borders, and consistency of internal organs and to determine the amount of fluid inside the body

auscultation- examiner listens for sounds within the body to evaluate the heart, blood vessels, lungs, intestines or other organs or to detect the fetal heart sound and performed mainly with a stethoscope

Question 12

What is an endoscope and endoscopy?

Answer 12

endoscope- an illuminated instrument for the visualization of the interior of a body cavity or organ

endoscopy- visual inspection of the body by means of an endoscope

Question 13

What is a catheter and catheterization?

Answer 13

catheter- a hollow flexible tube that can be inserted into a cavity of the body to withdraw or instill fluids, perform tests or visualize a vessel or cavity; also means cannula

catheterization- introduction of a catheter; process of inserting a catheter into the body

Question 14

What is computed radiography?

Answer 14

the image data is converted into electrical signals, digitized, and immediately displayed on a monitor or recorded film

Question 15

What is the difference radiopaque and radiolucent?

Answer 15

radiopaque- substances that do not permit the passage of X-rays

radiolucent- describes that readily permit the passage of X-rays

Question 16

What are some additional diagnostic imaging services?

Answer 16

• CT (compound tomography)
• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
• echo/sonography and ultrasound
• contrast imaging
• nuclear imaging

Question 17

What is computed tomography and a tomogram?

Answer 17

computed tomography- uses ionizing radiation to produce a detailed image of a cross section of tissue, similar to what one would see if the body or body part were actually cut into sections

tomogram– the record produced by computed tomography

Question 18

What is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?

Answer 18

creates images of internal structures based on the magnetic properties of chemical elements within the body and uses a powerful magnetic field and radio wave pulses rather than ionizing radiation such as X-rays

Question 19

What is sonography/ultrasonography?

Answer 19

the process of imaging deep structures of the body by sending and receiving high frequency sound waves that are reflected back as echoes from internal tissues and structures

Question 20

What is positron emission tomography (PET)?

Answer 20

a type pf nuclear medicine scan, combines computed tomography and radioactive substances to produce an enhanced image of selected body structures especially the heart, blood vessels, and brain

Question 21

What is radiotherapy?

Answer 21

the treatment of tumors using radiation to destroy cancer cells; radiation oncology is a type of radiation therapy; some side effects include nausea, vomiting, hair loss, ulceration or dryness of mucous membranes and suppression of bone marrow activity

Question 22

What is contrast imaging?

Answer 22

use of radiopaque materials to make internal organs visible on X-ray images

Question 23

What is nuclear medicine scans?

Answer 23

involve administering radio + pharmaceuticals

Question 24

What are stem cells?

Answer 24

cells that have the ability to divide without limit and give rise to specialized cells called these; they are abundant in a fetus and in the cord blood of a newborn; used in bone marrow transplants and can be used in research for organ or tissue regeneration

Question 25

What are chromosomes?

Answer 25

threadlike structures in the nucleus of a cell that function in the transmission information; each consists of DNA