Musculoskeletal System and Movement (Unit 4) Flashcards
Types of joints and articulating bones, planes and axis, agonists and antagonists, isometric and isotonic contraction.
What is a Hinge and Ball and Socket Joint?
Hinge- Allows movement in one direction
Ball+ Socket- Allows movement in every direction, the round head of one bone fits into a cup shaped capsule of the connecting bone
What is Flexion and Extension?
Flexion- a decrease in the angle around the joint
Extension- an increase in the angle around a joint
What is Dorsi and Plantar Flexion?
Plantar- pointing the feet downwards away from the tibia
Dorsi- pointing the feet upwards towards the tibia
What is both Horizontal and Regular Adduction and Abduction?
Horizontal- the movement of a limb outwards/ inwards, whilst it is held parallel to the ground
Regular- a movement of a limb away/ towards the midline of the body
What is Rotation and Circumduction?
Rotation- circular movement around an axis
Circumduction- circular movement around an axis through two planes
What is Isotonic/ Isometric Contraction and Eccentric and Concentric Contractions?
Isotonic- muscles move whilst contracting
Isometric- muscle stays the same length when contracting
Concentric- muscles shorten and cause acceleration
Eccentric- muscles lengthen but cause deceleration
What is an Antagonistic Muscle Action?
Where muscles work as part of a group. This helps movement to be coordinated
What is STEF FSAA TLHAR?
Sagittal Plane, Transverse Axis, Flexion and Extension movement
Frontal Plane, Sagittal Axis, Abduction and Adduction movement
Transverse Plane, Longitudinal Axis, Horizontal Abduction and
Adduction and Rotation
How do the Planes split the Body?
Transverse- Splits the body into top and bottom
Sagittal- Splits the body into left and right
Frontal- Splits the body into front and back
What is the Lever Systems Anagram?
123
FRE
Why are Levers Important?
-Maintain balance
-Give greater speed to an object
-Used to lift heavy resistance more easily
-Help movements to become more efficient
What is a 1st Class Lever?
Fulcrum is in the middle, resistance on the left and effort on the right (pushing downwards). It corresponds to the act of throwing an object e.g. javelin
What is a 2nd Class Lever?
Resistance in the middle, fulcrum on the left and effort on the right (pushing upwards). It corresponds with plantar flexion e.g. Plantar flexion in a ballet performance
What is a 3rd Class Lever?
Effort in the middle (pushing upwards), resistance on the left and fulcrum on the right. It corresponds to any other body movement.
What is a Mechanical Advantage?
Where the effort arm is longer than the resistance arm. Allowing for more strength and ability to lift heavier resistances.
