Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
What does the Skeletal System do?
Provides form for the body
Supports tissues and protects vital organs
Permits movement by providing points of
attachment for muscles
Site of blood cell formation
Mineral storage
Elements of Bone Tissue?
Rigid connective tissue Constituents ➢ Cells ➢ Fibres ➢ Ground substance ➢ Minerals
What are the 3 bone cells called?
Enable bone to grow, repair, synthesise new
bone tissue and resorb old tissue
Osteocytes
➢ A transformed osteoblast that is surrounded in
osteoid as it hardens from deposited minerals
➢ Live in a lacuna
➢ Synthesise matrix molecules for bone calcification
Osteoclast
➢ The major re-absorptive cell of the bone
➢ Large, multinucleated cells
➢ Respond to parathyroid hormone (PTH)
➢ Contain lysosomes filled with hydrolytic enzymes
Osteoblasts
➢ Specialised fibroblasts derived from stem cells
➢ Produce type I collagen
➢ Respond to calcitonin
➢ Produce osteocalcin
➢ Synthesise osteoid (non-mineralised bone matrix)
What is the bone matrix?
Collagen fibres ➢ Make up bulk of bone matrix Proteoglycans ➢ Strengthen bone and assist bone calcium deposition Glycoproteins ➢ Control collagen interactions that lead to fibril formation Bone mineralisation ➢ Calcium and phosphate
Describe the bone tissue?
Compact (cortical) bone ➢ 85% of the skeleton ➢ Haversian system • Haversian canal, lamellae, lacunae, osteocyte and canaliculi Spongy (cancellous) bone ➢ Lack haversian systems ➢ Trabeculae Periosteum
How many bones are there in the adult human body?
206 bones Axial skeleton ➢ 80 bones • Skull, vertebral column, thorax Appendicular skeleton ➢ 126 bones • Upper and lower extremities, the shoulder girdle, the pelvic girdle
What are the names of the types of bones?
Long bones ➢ Femur and humerus Flat bones ➢ Ribs and scapulae Short bones ➢ Wrist and ankles Irregular bones ➢ Vertebrae, mandibles
Names the parts of the long bone?
Long bones ➢ Diaphysis ➢ Metaphysis ➢ Epiphysis • Epiphyseal plate ➢ Medullary cavity ➢ Endosteum
What is bone remodelling and what are the phases?
Repairs microscopic injuries and maintains bone integrity Three phases ➢ Activation of the remodelling cycle ➢ Resorption ➢ Formation of new bone
What are the phases of bone repair?
Inflammation/haematoma formation Procallus formation Callus formation Callus replacement Remodelling
What are joints?
Site where two or more bones meet Promote stability and mobility to the skeleton Joint classifications based on movement ➢ Synarthrosis • Immovable ➢ Amphiarthrosis • Slightly movable ➢ Diarthrosis • Freely movableJoint classifications based on structure ➢ Fibrous • Joins bone to bone • Suture, syndesmosis, gomphosis ➢ Cartilaginous • Symphysis and synchondrosis ➢ Synovial • Uniaxial, biaxial or multiaxial • Joint capsule • Synovial membrane • Joint cavity • Synovial fluid • Articular cartilage
