Musculoskeletal system

Question 1

Abduction

Answer 1

Lateral movement of a body part away from the midline of the body

Question 2

adduction

Answer 2

lateral movement of a body part toward the midline of the body

Question 3

Alignment

Answer 3

In a standing and sitting position a straight line can be drawn from the ear through the shoulder and hip. in bed, the head, shoulders and hips are aligned

Question 4

Ball and Socket joint

Answer 4

the rounded head of one bone fits into a cuplike cavity in the other (shoulder and hip joints) flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and rotation can occur.

Question 5

Cartilage

Answer 5

Non-vascular connective tissue found in the joints as well as in the nose, ear, thorax, trachea and larynx

Question 6

Circumduction

Answer 6

Movement of the distal part of the limb to trace a complete circle while the proximal end of the bone remains fixed. Example the leg is outstretched and moved in a circle.

Question 7

Condyloid Joints

Answer 7

The oval head of one bone fits into a shallow cavity of another bone (wrist joint) Flexion, extension, abduction and adduction can occur

Question 8

Dorsiflexion

Answer 8

Backward bending of the hand or foot

Question 9

Eversion

Answer 9

Movement of the sole of the foot outward (Occurs at the ankle)

Question 10

Extension

Answer 10

The state of being in a straight line

Question 11

External rotation

Answer 11

a body part turning on it’s axis away from the midline of the body

Question 12

Flat bones

Answer 12

Thin bones that contribute to shape. The ribs and several of the skull bones are flat bonesl.

Question 13

Flexion

Answer 13

The state of being bent

Question 14

Gait

Answer 14

The manner or style of walking. Normal Finding: head erect, vertebrae straight, knees and feet point forward, arms at side with elbows flexed, arms swing freely in alteration with leg swings.

Question 15

Gliding joint

Answer 15

Articular surfcaes are flat. (Carpal bones of wrist and tarsal bones of feet) Flexion, extension, abduction and adduction can occur.

Question 16

Hemiparesis

Answer 16

Refers to weakness of one half of the body

Question 17

Hemiplegia

Answer 17

Paralysis of one half of the body

Question 18

Hinge Joint

Answer 18

A spool-like surface of one bone fits into a concave surface of another bone (Elbow, knee and ankle joints) only flexion and extension can occur

Question 19

Hyperextension

Answer 19

The state of exaggerated extension

Question 20

internal rotation

Answer 20

a body part turning on it’s axis toward the midline of the body

Question 21

inversion

Answer 21

Movement of the sole of the food inward (occurs at the ankle)

Question 22

Kyphosis

Answer 22

An increased thoracic spinal curve, More often seen in older adults

Question 23

ligaments

Answer 23

tough fibrosis bands that bind joints together and connect bones and cartilage

Question 24

long bones

Answer 24

found in the upper and lower extremities contribute to height and length

Question 25

lordosis

Answer 25

an exaggerated lumbar curve is often seen during pregnancy or in obesity

Question 26

muscle mass

Answer 26

refers to muscle size

Question 27

atrophy

Answer 27

is decreased muscle mass due to disuse or neurologic impairment

Question 28

hypertrophy

Answer 28

increased muscle mass resulting from exercise

Question 29

muscle tone

Answer 29

the slight residual tension that remains in a resting normal muscle with an intact nerve supply.

Question 30

Flaccidity

Answer 30

decreased tone resulting from disuse or neurologic imparments.

Question 31

spasticity

Answer 31

increased tone that interferes with movement, also caused by neurologic impairments

Question 32

paraplegia

Answer 32

paralysis of the leg

Question 33

paresis

Answer 33

imparied muscle strength or weakness

Question 34

pivot joint

Answer 34

a ringlike structure that turns on a pivot (Joints between the proximal ends of the radius and the ulna) Movement is limited to rotation

Question 35

Plantar flexion

Answer 35

Flexion of the foot (foot drop)

Question 36

pronation

Answer 36

the assumption of the prone position

Question 37

quadriplegia

Answer 37

paralysis of the arms and legs

Question 38

range of motion

Answer 38

the complete extent of movement of which a joint is normally capable.

Question 39

Active range of motion:

Answer 39

the patient independently moves joints through their full range of motion.

Question 40

active-assistive range of motion

Answer 40

the nurse may provide minimal support

Question 41

passive rant of motion

Answer 41

the patient is unable to move independently and the nurse moves each joint through it's range of motion

Question 42

rotation

Answer 42

turning on an axis

Question 43

saddle joint

Answer 43

bone surfaces are convex on one side and concave on the other (Joint between the trapezium and metacarpal of the thumb) Movements are side to side and back and forth

Question 44

Scoliosis

Answer 44

A lateral curvature of the spine with increased convexity of the side that is curved

Question 45

Short bones

Answer 45

located in the wrist and ankle contribute to movement

Question 46

supination

Answer 46

the assumption of the supine position

Question 47

tendons

Answer 47

strong, flexible, inelastic fibrous bands that attach muscle to bone.