Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
3 key components of the musculoskeletal system
- Bone
- Cartilage
- Muscle
Function of osteblasts.
Deposit bone
Function of osteoclasts
Remove bone
Primary cell of bone.
Osteocytes
Functions of bone.
- Structural framework for movement, protection, and support
- Production of blood (RBCs)
- Serves as a reserve for minerals (phosphorus and calcium)
Two types of bone.
- Trabecular/cancellous
- Compact/cortical
In what parts of bones in adults can compact bone be found?`
Shaft (diaphysis)
Ends (thin layer)
Consists of closely packed osteons, harvesian canals, lamellae, and volkman’s canals.
Compact bone
Consists of trabeculae and bars of adjacent to small irregular cavities that contain red bone marrow.
Trabecular/cancellous bone
True or False
Trabecular bone is very good in taking load in one direction
True
True or False
Cancellous bone can take load/stress from multiple directions.
True
This type of bone is generally subject to compressiong, have a thin cortex of compact bone supported by an interior that is wholly trabecular.
Short bone
Example of a short bone.
Cuboid
Scaphoid
Cuneiform
This type of bone is typical of limbs with length reflecting both speed adn power in movement
Long bone
This type of bone consists of trabecular bone of varying thickness enclosed between laminae of tables.
Flat bone
Vertebrae and ilium is this type of bone.
Irregular
This type of bone has ovoid nodules that may not be fully ossified and may be dense fibrous tissude.
Sesamoid bone
Example of flat bone.
Skull bones (parietal, frontal, occiput, etc)
Scapula
Example of irregular bone.
Ischium
Vertabrae
Example of long bone.
Humerus
Metacarpals
Femur
Tibia
_____ has a high resistance to tension, compression, and shearing.
- Bone
- Cartilage
- Muscle
Cartilage
3 types of cartilage.
- Hyaline
- Yellow elastic cartilage/fibrocartilaged
- Fibrocartilage
Functions of articular cartilage.
- Decreases friction betwen surfaces of a joint
- Increases the contact area of joints
- Decreases pressure and energy during loading of joints
- Tends to be loaded in compression
Functions of muscle.
- Skeletal movement
- Maintain posture and body position
- Support soft tissues
- Guard entrances and exits
- maintain body temperatue
11 key concepts of muscle.
- We have no extra muscles
- A muscle can act on eigther end that is free to move.
- All movements involved three types of contractions
- Pennation allows for large force production.
- Range of motion is dictated by length of its fibers
- Longer muscle fibers = greater excursion (fusiform vs bipennate)
- Anatomical cross section is not the same as physiological cross section
- Strength to muscle is dictated by number of fibers
- Joints have muscles around them that provide stability (shunt) and movement (spurt)
- Muscles cross joints at an angle and will consequently have secondary actions.
- At each joint, there is one muscle that performs the desired action best.
- Some muscles can perform more than one action.
A cross-section at the fattest point of a muscle is
Anatomical cross-sectional area
