Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Musculoskeletal System
- Supports the body and protects viral organs from injury
- Enables movement
- Key role in producing blood cells within the bone marrow.
Joints
Meeting point of two or more bones that allows movenment
-> synovial fluid is found between them.
What is synovial fluid?
Lubricant between bones that reduces friction.
Compact bone tissue
Hard external layer of bone that encases spongy bone tissue. It strengthens and protects bones.
Spongy bone layer
Inner layer of the bone that is light and flexible. It is a shock absorber.
What are bone cell types?
Osteogenic, Osteoclast, Osteoblast, and Osteocytes.
Osteoclast
Cell that breaks down old bone tissue.
Regulates formation of new bone and maintains bone tissue.
Osteocyte
Cell that regulates the formation of new bone while maintaining bone tissue.
Osteoblast
Cells that form new bone tissue.
Osteogenic
Stem cells that develop into osteoblasts.
Connective Tissues and Muscle Types
Ligaments
Tough, elastic connective tissues made of collagen that connect bones at joints.
Connective Tissues and Muscle Types
Cartilage
Flexible tissue that covers the ends of bones at a joint to reduce friction.
Connective Tissues and Muscle Types
Bones
Hard and dense structures that are made up of calcium and phosphorus (components of bone matrix). Bones have canals that contain nerve and blood vessels.
What are muscles?
Bundles of long cells called muscle fibers that contain specialized proteins that cause the muscle to contract when signaled by nerve cells.
What are the function of muscles?
Coordinating movement and provide structure to support the body.
Tendons
Tough, flexible bands that connect muscles to bones and control joint movement
Skeletal muscle
Voluntary muscles (striated and tubular shaped in appearance) attached to bones by tendons. They are responsible for body movement.
Smooth Muscle
Involuntary muscles (striated) found in the organs, responsible for movements that cannot be controlled.
Autonomous
Cardiac Muscle
Involuntary muscle (striated) found only in the heart. They are responsible for pumping blood throughout the body.
Vertebrates
Animals with backbones and have similar musculoskeletal systems as us, with muscles attached to bones under the skin.
Invertebrates
No backbone
Exoskeleton
Many invertebrates have exoskeletons, which is a hard, external skeleton that protects and supports the body of an animal or non-human made device.
